Based on S/N of 3, LOD was 0.83 nM. The method showed good recoveries and precision, 92.4% (RSD 1.5%, n = 3) for tap water spiked with 126 ng (100 mL sample), 84.6% (RSD 2.2%, n = 3) for soil spiked with 210 ng (100 g sample) and 73.7% (RSD 2.1%, n = 3) for soybean spiked with 250 ng (5 g sample), suggesting that the imprinted stir bar sorption extraction can be successfully applied to the preconcentration of bensulfuronmethyl in real samples. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, selleck chemicals Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1198-1205, 2011″
“Giant negative thermal expansion (NTE), over alpha = -30 x 10(-6)

K-1 (alpha: coefficient of linear thermal expansion), at room temperature can be achieved in Mn3ZnN-based antiperovskite manganese nitrides by simultaneous substitution of C and B for N as well as Sn for Zn. The developed NTE nitrides show larger negative alpha, although the width of the operating-temperature window is comparable to that of Mn3CuN-based materials developed to date. Such a large, isotropic, and high-stiffness NTE material can compensate for the large positive

thermal expansion of, for example, even aluminum or plastic materials. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3540604]“
“Background: Obesity and osteoporosis have origins in childhood, and both are affected by dietary intake and physical activity. However, there is little information Wnt signaling on what constitutes a diet that simultaneously promotes low fat mass and high bone mass accrual early in life.

Objective: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lxh254.html Our objective was to identify dietary patterns related to fat and bone mass in children during the age period of 3.8-7.8 y.

Design: A total of 325 children contributed data from 13 visits over 4 separate study years (age ranges: 3.8-4.8, >4.8-5.8, >5.8-6.8, and >6.8-7.8 y). We performed reduced-rank regression to identify dietary patterns related

to fat mass and bone mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for each study year. Covariables included race, sex, height, weight, energy intake, calcium intake, physical activity measured by accelerometry, and time spent viewing television and playing outdoors.

Results: A dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables was related to low fat mass and high bone mass; high processed-meat intake was related to high bone mass; and high fried-food intake was related to high fat mass. Dietary pattern scores remained related to fat mass and bone mass after all covariables were controlled for (P < 0.001-0.03).

Conclusion: Beginning at preschool age, diets rich in dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and low in fried foods may lead to healthy fat and bone mass accrual in young children. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 294-303.

3747/pdi.2011.00033″
“The experimental study on the laser acoustic signal in salt water with different salinities using high power pulsed CO2 laser has been carried out. By using a hydrophone to receive the sound signal and further analyzing in time domain, the effects of the salinity and pulse energy on the characteristics of the sound signals were disclosed.

The results show that the salinity has significant effect on the characteristics of the laser acoustic signal. As the salinity increases, the amplitude of the sound signal decreases. The profile of the sound signal also changes with the salinity. As the salinity decreases, the changes in the signal waveform show the loss of its originally bimodal shape. This phenomenon is also found in the laser energy which decreases when the salinity is kept constant.”
“Purpose: find more A meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a ‘quantitative’ estimate of the extent of genetic damage in mammalian somatic cells exposed to non-ionizing radiation emitted from extremely low frequency electro-magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and to compare with that in unexposed control cells. Methods: The methods used for the meta-analysis were recommended in several standard text books. Three specific variables related to ELF-EMF exposure

characteristics were examined in the meta-analysis: (i) frequency (Hz), (ii) flux density (mT), and (iii) in occupationally exposed individuals. Result and conclusions: (1) The difference between ELF-EMF-exposed and control cells as well as Selleckchem Momelotinib the ‘effect size’ due to ELF-EMF exposure were

biologically small (although statistically significant) with very few exceptions. (2) At certain ELF-EMF exposure conditions there was a statistically significant increase in genetic damage assessed from some end-points. (3) The mean indices for chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei end-points in ELF-EMF-exposed and control cells were within the spontaneous levels reported in historical database. (4) Considerable evidence for publication bias was found in the meta-analysis.”
“Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of PDGFR inhibitor the kidney is a rare sarcoma that often undergoes local recurrence and/or distant metastasis. However, little is known about the outcome of metastatic diseases. We present the case of a 46-year-old male suffering from renal MFH with pulmonary metastasis, who has undergone complete response for 3 years after surgical resection and MAID chemotherapy. He is now well, and without any evidence of recurrent disease. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objectives: Switching from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis (HD) is undesirable, because of complications from temporary vascular access, disruption of daily routine, and higher costs. Little is known about the role that social factors play in technique failure.

Design, Setting, Participants, Measurements: We followed for 3 years a nationally representative cohort of US patients who initiated PD in 1996 – 1997.

Disparities in longer-term survival have not narrowed with time; the survival remains

worse in black recipients.”
“A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the laboratory scale determination of the tocopherol content of assai pulp is reported. This method includes the description of microscale saponification and extraction with diethyl ether. The optimized conditions for reversed-phase HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection were as follows: 250 mm x 4.60 mm Gemini C18 column with 5 mu m particles, 28 degrees C column temperature, 95:5 (v v I) methanol:water mobile phase, 1.0 mL min(-1) flow rate and 2.6% method precision for a-tocopherol. To determine the alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol content of fresh pulp,

the analyzed assai pulp was collected from three GW4869 cost different regions of production in the Amazonian estuary. This study revealed that assai pulp is rich in vitamin E (394.31 mu g g(-1) dry matter of alpha-tocopherol), confirming the nutritional properties of assai. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background. Nephropathy associated with contrast medium exposure is a well-known complication Pitavastatin cost of IVP. However, it is uncertain whether iso-osmolar non-iodinated contrast medium (iodixanol) is less nephrotoxic than low-osmolar contrast medium (iohexol). Materials and Methods. In this single-center, double-blind, prospective study, 50 patients undergoing IVP were randomized into two groups receiving different contrast medium: iodixanol and iohexol. Patients in high risk for contrast nephropathy were included, 28 with renal insufficiency and 19 with diabetes mellitus. We compared the nephrotoxic

effect (contrast nephropathy), HM781-36B complement and cytokines profile between the iodixanol and iohexol groups. The mean volume of contrast medium in each IVP procedure was 0.8 mL/kg. Results. The incidence of contrast nephropathy was 4 percent among all patients (one iodixanol and one iohexol). We found no significant differences in contrast nephropathy and allergic reactions between the two groups. There was no significant difference in cytokine profiles in both groups (p 0.05).The incidence of allergic reaction was 16 percent among all patients. Twelve percent (3/25) had late reaction after iohexol exposure compared to four percent (2/25) with iodixanol (p = 1.0). One patient had severe skin rash due to late adverse reaction after iodixanol. No mortality was found. Conclusions. New iodixanol and iohexol contrast medium for routine IVP examination are safe and have low nephrotoxicity profile, especially in elderly or high-risk patients. Iodixanol contrast medium has an increased risk to induce severe late adverse reaction compared to iohexol. Allergic reaction may be the main adverse effect after contrast medium infusion.

Microglial activation has a central selective HDAC inhibitors role in this process and triggers excitotoxic, inflammatory, and oxidative damage in the developing brain. Neuroinflammation can persist over a period of time and sensitize the brain to subinjurious insults in early and chronic phases but may offer relative tolerance in the intermediate period through activation of endogenous anti-inflammatory, protective, and repair mechanisms. Neuroinflammatory injury not only destroys what exists but also changes what develops.”
“There is a robust mechanistic basis for the role of oxidation

damage to DNA in the aetiology of various major diseases (cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancer). Robust, validated biomarkers are needed to measure oxidative damage in the context of molecular epidemiology, to clarify risks associated with oxidative stress, to improve our understanding of its role in health and disease and to test intervention strategies BEZ235 mouse to ameliorate it. Of the urinary biomarkers for DNA oxidation, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is the. most studied. However, there are a number of factors which hamper our complete understanding of what meausrement of this lesion in urine actually represents. DNA repair is thought to be a major contributor to urinary 8-oxodG levels, although the precise pathway(s) has not been proven, plus possible contribution from cell turnover and diet are possible confounders. Most recently,

evidence has arisen which suggests that nucleotide salvage of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGua can contribute substantially to 8-oxoG levels in DNA and RNA, at least in rapidly dividing cells. This new observation may add an further confounder to the conclusion that 8-oxoGua or 8-oxodG and its nucleobase equivalent 8-oxoguanine, concentrations in urine are simply a consequence of DNA repair. Further studies are required to define the relative contributions https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4egi-1.html of metabolism, disease and diet to oxidised nucleic acids and their metabolites in urine in order to develop urinalyis as a better tool for understanding

human disease.”
“Objective-To assess survival-to-discharge rates of mares and foals and postoperative complications and fertility in mares following cesarean section (C-section).

Design-Retrospective case series.

Animals-95 mares.

Procedures-Medical and breeding records of mares that underwent C-section were reviewed; signalment, surgical technique, complications, survival-to-discharge rate, and pregnancy and foaling rates were recorded and evaluated. Foaling rates in the 3 years after C-section were compared with the cumulative foaling rate before C-section.

Results-C-section was performed because of dystocia (n = 71) or concurrent maternal disease (20) or was elective (4). Overall survival-to-discharge rate was 84% (80/95) for mares and 35% (28/80) for foals. Six of 15 mares that had partial fetotomies prior to C-section did not survive.

The strong positive correlation between ADMA and LnPTH, validated by the regression analysis, may suggest a link

between ADMA and PTH-derived vascular damage. ADMA levels could be influenced by the severity of hyperparathyroidism and contribute to cardiovascular death linked to PTH of hemodialysis patients.”
“Systems biology approaches to epidemiological studies of complex diseases include collection of genetic, genomic, epigenomic, and metagenomic data in large-scale epidemiological VX809 studies of complex phenotypes. Designs and analyses of such studies raise many statistical challenges. This article reviews some issues related to integrative analysis of such high dimensional and inter-related datasets and outline some possible solutions. Selleck DAPT I focus my review on integrative approaches for genome-wide genetic variants and gene expression data, methods for joint analysis of genetic and epigenetic variants, and methods for analysis of microbiome data. Statistical methods such as mediation analysis, high-dimensional instrumental variable

regression, sparse signal recovery, and compositional data regression provide potential frameworks for integrative analysis of these high-dimensional genomic data. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Background: In patients with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction evolves due to diminished myocardial perfusion caused by coronary steal phenomenon. Using late gadolinium enhanced cardiovascular magnetic

resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging, myocardial scarring has been shown in ALCAPA patients late after repair, however the incidence of scarring before surgery and its impact on postoperative course after surgical repair remained unknown.

Methods: 8 ALCAPA-patients (mean age 10.0 +/- 5.8 months) underwent CMR before and early after (mean 4.9 +/- 2.5 months) coronary reimplantation procedures. GSK1120212 concentration CMR included functional analysis and LGE for detection of myocardial scars.

Results: LV dilatation (mean LVEDVI 171 +/- 94 ml/m(2)) and dysfunction (mean LV-EF 22 +/- 10 %) was present in all patients and improved significantly after surgery (mean LVEDV 68 +/- 42 ml/m(2), p = 0.02; mean LV-EF 58 +/- 19 %, p < 0.001). Preoperative CMR revealed myocardial scarring in 2 of the 8 patients and did not predict postoperative course. At follow-up CMR, one LGE-positive patient showed delayed recovery of LV function while myocardial scarring was still present in both patients. In two patients new-onset transmural scarring was found, although functional recovery after operation was sufficient. One of them showed a stenosis of the left coronary artery and required resurgery.

Conclusions: Despite diminished myocardial perfusion and severely compromised LV function, myocardial scarring was preoperatively only infrequently present.

Additional incorporation of the nanofillers in LY3023414 order 2.5 wt % enhanced the stiffness and strength of the PA-6/HNBR blend but reduced its ductility. The fracture toughness of the ternary nanocomposites was between those of PA-6 and PA-6/HNBR, whereas their fracture energy fairly agreed

with that of the parent PA-6. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 897-902, 2012″
“Background The importance of unmetabolized folic acid in maternal and letal blood is not known

Objective We investigated total folate tetrahydrofolate (THF) 5 methyltetrahydrofolate (5 MTHF) formyl THF 5 10 methenyITHF and folic acid concentrations in women and in umbilical cord blood at delivery

Design The study included 87 pregnant women and

BMS-777607 mw 29 cord blood samples including 24 mother Infant pairs We measured serum concentrations of folate forms by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Results Pregnant women who received 400 mu g folic acid daily (n = 25) had higher total folate (P = 0 041) 5 MTHF (P = 0 049) and formyl THF (P < 0 001) concentrations and slightly higher THF (P = 0 093) concentrations than did nonsupplemented pregnant women (n = 61) We measured folic acid concentrations >0 20 nmol/L in 38 (44%) pregnant women and in 55% of the cord serum samples but these measurements were not explained by maternal supplement use Concentrations of folic acid were nonsignificantly higher in cord blood from supplemented women than in cord blood from nonsupplemented women (P = 0 154) Proportions of folic acid to total folate in cord serum did not differ according to maternal supplement usage (0 54% compared with 0 43% in supplemented and nonsupplemented women respectively) Concentrations of folic acid did not differ between maternal and cord serum However folic acid

constituted a significantly lower proportion of total folate in cord serum than in maternal serum

Conclusions We detected unmetabolized folic acid in more than one half of cord blood samples Folic acid (400 mu g/d) supplied during pregnancy is not likely to accumulate in the fetus in contrast to 5 MTHF and THF which accumulate in the fetus Am J Clin Nutr 2010 92 1416-22″
“A new procedure of determining the time resolved capacitance of a plasma actuator during FDA approved Drug Library supplier operation is introduced, representing a simple diagnostic tool that provides insight into the phenomenological behavior of plasma actuators. The procedure is demonstrated by presenting example correlations between consumed electrical energy, size of the plasma region, and the operating voltage. It is shown that the capacitance of a plasma actuator is considerably increased by the presence of the plasma; hence a system that has previously been impedance matched can be considerably de-tuned when varying the operating voltage of the actuator. Such information is fundamental for any attempts to increase the energy efficiency of plasma-actuator systems.

The prescriptions were obtained from patients handbooks that were took into hospital at the Medical Clinic Sector and also from prescriptions destined to AIDS patients that were in treatment at Hospital Universitario/CG-UFMS. The quali-quantitative study was conducted from August/2007 to May/2008 and 258 prescriptions were analised. Two hundred and thirty antimicrobials were prescribed, especially cefalosporins, fluorquinolons, buy Quizartinib glicopeptides and glycosamines. For AIDS patients 171 antimicrobials were prescribed, the majority being sulphas, antifungic and macrolides. The number of antimicrobials per patient was reduced relatively.

Among RUM indicators, warnings and instructions about the usage showed high rates of absence in prescriptions. It was noticed that at the Medical Clinic Sector the broad-spectrum antimicrobials were more frequently used.”
“Acid hydrolysis of 6-amino derivatives of 1,3,7-triazapyrene affords the corresponding

6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1,3,7-triazapyrenes. In the case of 6,8-bis(dialkylamino)-1,3,7-triazapyrenes depending on their structure products of hydrolysis of one or two dialkylamino groups are obtained. 6-Alkoxy-8-dialkylamino-1,3,7-triazapyrenes were synthesized. Conditions were found providing a possibility to cleave an ether bonds in the presence of amino group in the 1,3,7-triazapyrene structure and also to perform the hydrolytic substitution of both functional groups.”
“Henoch-Schonlein purpura Selleck AMN-107 ( HSP) is an IgA-mediated small vessel vasculitis with a predominant cutaneous involvement. We assessed adult patients with HSP to identify the clinical and histopathological features and evaluate predictive factors of relapse. We reviewed the records

of 29 adult patients with HSP who presented at our department between 2002 and 2009. Adult HSP was confirmed by skin biopsy showing leukocytoclastic vasculitis and direct immunofluorescence showing IgA deposit. Among the 29 patients (15 men, 14 women; mean age 36.2 years old), renal involvement was initially learn more found in 22 patients (75.9%). They were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of relapse. We compared clinical and histopathologic differences between 15 patients with relapse and 14 patients without relapse. By univariate analysis, older age at onset, persistent rash, abdominal pain, hematuria, and underlying disease at the onset of HSP are significantly related to relapse. Among the histopathological variables, severity of leukocytoclasis and absence of IgM deposit on the vessel walls are significantly associated to relapsing disease (P < 0.05). Our results are significant, because, they may help to understand the predictive factors related to relapses of HSP in adults.

0b013e318240de51″
“Several new acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared by the reaction of o-phenylenediamines with acenaphthenequinones. The response of different carcinoid cell lines to these compounds were Baf-A1 datasheet evaluated by MTT (3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and trypan

blue exclusion tests. The cytotoxicity of 3,4-dinitroacenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline (III(d)) on the tested cell lines was confirmed by both tests. Furthermore, the MTT test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the cytotoxicity of this compound on malignant cell lines of Caco-2, HT-29, T47D and non malignant mouse fibroblast cell line of NIH-3T3. An apoptosis inducing effect of compound IIId on K562 cells was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (AnV-FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The apoptosis induction (PI-/AnV+) in treated K562 cells was significantly (p < 0.01) more at 0.5 mu g/ml concentration of compound III(d) in comparison to all other concentrations of this compound and also doxorubicin (CAS 25316-40-9) (250 nM).”
“Primary cilia are hair-like organelles singly distributed along the apical

surface of proximal and distal nephron tubules as mechanosensors. learn more The goal of this study was to use electron microscopy to systemically evaluate cilia changes in acute tubular injury (ATI) from both transplant and native renal biopsies. Three groups of cases were included: control group 1-native biopsies without major changes in renal tubules; study group 2-native biopsies with prominent ATI; and study group 3-renal transplant biopsies with prominent ATI (delayed renal function group). Extensive search for ciliary structures along renal tubules was conducted in each case, focused on proximal tubular areas with injured (diminished) apical microvilli. Singly located cilia were found in 3/19 specimens in control group 1, 4/18 in group 2 (native Selisistat mouse ATI), and 6/24 in group 3 (transplant ATI). Importantly, there were clusters of cilia in proximal tubules with markedly diminished apical microvilli in 3/24 biopsies from 2 patients in group 3, but none

from groups 1 and 2. The clusters of cilia ranged from 6 to 15 individual cilia along the apical surface with diminished apical microvilli. Under high magnifications, the cilia demonstrated 9 pairs of peripheral microtubules without a central pair of microtubules, consistent with primary cilia (9+0) rather than motile cilia (9+2). In summary, the authors found clusters of cilia in proximal tubules with remarkable apical microvillar injury in 3 renal transplant biopsies with ATI, implying a reactive, or repairing, process following tubular injury, thus they name this finding “”cilia metaplasia”".”
“Fullerenols, the water-soluble derivatives of fullerenes, are currently being recently intensively studied in the context of the possibility of their application in the biomedicine.

% of bulk mechanically alloyed n-type Pb1-xSnxTe (when x = 7% and 27%) significantly increase the electrical power produced AMN-107 concentration by the material when it is doped above 10(19) cm(-3) range. The experimentally measured temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of Pb0.93Sn0.07Te

doped to 1.2 x 10(19) cm(-3) and Pb0.73Sn0.27Te doped to 3.8 x 10(18) cm(-3) are shown to be consistent with those calculated in the framework of the Boltzmann transport equations using the relaxation time approximation and a three-band model for which the materials-specific constants are taken from published literature. The SnO2 inclusions are shown to impact the transport coefficients by changing the energy dependence and selleck kinase inhibitor magnitude of the relaxation time due to the charge carrier scattering by a collection of inclusions in a geometry consistent with analysis of the x-ray diffraction data. Analysis of the experimental data shows that Pb0.93Sn0.07Te doped to 1.2 x 10(19) cm(-3) generates more power than would a material without the 2 vol. % of 15 nm SnO2 inclusions. Calculations using the experimentally validated model show that for carrier concentrations greater than 1 x 10(19) cm(-3), the presence

of these inclusions increases the power factor of both alloys in the 300-700 K temperature range. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651173]“
“Nephrotoxicity is a major problem of Cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment, despite its beneficial role in organ transplantation and in a variety of immunologic disorders. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential renoprotective role of telmisartan in amelioration of chronic CsA induced nephrotoxicity. The rats were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group 1 received normal saline (control), group 2 received Cremophor EL and ethanol (CsA vehicle), group 3 received CsA 25 mg/kg/day s.c and group 4 received telmisartan

3 mg/kg/day orally in addition to CsA. The rats were pair fed with a standard chow diet throughout the experiment period (8 weeks). CsA nephrotoxicity MLN4924 supplier was assessed in terms of increased S.Cr (from 0.52 +/- 0.16 to 1.29 +/- 0.20 mg/ml), blood urea (from 24.69 +/- 1.89 to 75.88 +/- 2.33 mg/ml) and serum K (from 3.43 +/- 0.18 to 5.23 +/- 0.43 meq/l). CsA also caused significant increase (p<0.01) in MDA (from 0.74 +/- 0.13 to 2.96 +/- 0.43 nmol/mg protein) and significant decrease (p<0.01) in GSH and catalase in renal tissue. Telmisartan failed to restore the altered renal functions. On the other hand, it causes a significant improvement in the histological changes including the tubulointerstitial fibrosis and arteriolopathy (p<0.01). It also caused significant reduction (p<0.01) in CsA-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggested that telmisartan has a promising renoprotective effect against chronic CsA induced nephrotoxicity.

0% cases were considered as good result, 14.6% were considered as moderate response and 7.3% were considered as negative result to treatment. Considering the aggressiveness, 88.9% of non-aggressive lesions presented a good response www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html to treatment, in aggressive central giant cell lesions, 69.6% presented a good response to intralesional corticosteroid injections.

Conclusion: In view of the results analyzed, intralesional corticosteroid injections could be considered as first treatment option for central giant cell lesion.”
“The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans since the onset of the industrial

revolution is considered a serious challenge to marine ecosystems due to ensuing carbonate-chemistry changes (ocean acidification). Furthermore, the CO2 uptake is reducing the ocean’s capacity to absorb future CO2 emissions. In order to follow the changes in the ocean’s carbonate system, high-quality analytical measurements with good spatial and temporal

resolution are necessary. High-precision and accurate pH measurements are now possible, and allow us to determine the progression of ocean acidification. The spectrophotometric pH technique is now widely used and capable of the required high-quality measurements. Spectrophotometric pH systems are deployed on ships and in situ on remote platforms. Smaller and more rugged instruments are nevertheless required for more widespread in situ application JQ1 solubility dmso to allow routine high-resolution measurements, even in the most remote regions.

We critically review oceanic pH measurements, and focus on state-of-the-art spectrophotometric pH measurement techniques and instrumentation. We present a simple microfluidic design integrated in a shipboard instrument featuring high accuracy and precision Small molecule library as a key step towards a targeted pH microsensor system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy by dilatation and curettage in postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Material and Methods: A prospective

observational study conducted with 112 consecutive postmenopausal women. Biopsy by dilatation and curettage was immediately followed by hysteroscopic biopsy and the histologic results were compared.

Results: By curettage, although performed under anesthesia, 3/3 (100%) cases of endometrial hyperplasia were reported as normal proliferative endometrium. There were two endometrial cancers (1.8%) and one case was missed as normal endometrium by curettage. Among endometrial polyps, only 3/39 (7.7%) cases were diagnosed by curettage.

Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding, biopsy by curettage may be not reliable for evaluation of endometrial pathology.”
“Objective: To evaluate the effects of different hemostatic agents upon the outcome of periapical surgery.