This preliminary study is unprecedented, because there are few studies use about the uses of the dovyalis in literature. The results PCI-34051 datasheet showed that the acidity of the fruits of dovyalis ‘Romana’ (1.76 % citric acid) was significantly lower than those of the introduced plants (5.5 % citric acid). The fruits of dovyalis ‘Romana’ also had high ratio (7.55)

and the pulp color tends to yellow-green (a*= 9.01, b*= 33.15), significantly different from the pulp of the introduced plant. In general, no significant differences in pulp yield (79 %), soluble solids (12 degrees Brix), transversal diameter (26 mm) and longitudinal diameter (23 mm). Thus, we suggest that the fruits of dovyalis Romana present ability to both natural market and production of sweets and juices. However, the fruits of the introduced plant, in concern of the high acidity and the attractive PARP inhibitor colour, are intended to the production of sweets and juices. The visual appearance of the fruit and flavor of the dovyalis ‘Romana’ open up potential markets for the diversification of commercial production of exotic fruits.”
“Nuclear cardiology has experienced exponential growth

within the past four decades with converging capacity to diagnose and influence management of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with technetium-99m radiotracers or thallium-201 has dominated the field; however new hardware and software designs that optimize image quality with reduced radiation exposure are fuelling a resurgence of interest at the preclinical and clinical levels to expand beyond MPI. Other imaging modalities including positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continue to emerge as powerful players with an expanded capacity to diagnose a variety of cardiac conditions. At the forefront of this resurgence is the development of novel target vectors based on an enhanced understanding of the underlying pathophysiological process in the subcellular

domain. Molecular imaging with novel radiopharmaceuticals engineered to target a specific subcellular process has the capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and deliver enhanced prognostic information to alter management. This paper, while not comprehensive, will review the recent advancements in radiotracer see more development for SPECT and PET MPI, autonomic dysfunction, apoptosis, atherosclerotic plaques, metabolism, and viability. The relevant radiochemistry and preclinical and clinical development in addition to molecular imaging with emerging modalities such as cardiac MRI and PET-MR will be discussed.”
“Halfway through embryonic development, the epidermis of Drosophila exhibits a gap at the dorsal side covered by an extra-embryonic epithelium, the amnioserosa ( AS). Dorsal closure ( DC) is the process whereby interactions between the two epithelia establish epidermal continuity.

Methods Each center’s intervention(s)

used community-based participatory research approaches, identified community partners, engaged the community through various means, and developed communication strategies to enhance recruitment. Outcome All 3 centers have completed recruitment. Each center implemented several new strategies and approaches to enhance recruitment efforts, such as introducing new communication techniques, using media such as radio and newspapers to spread awareness about the studies, and hosting community gatherings. Interpretation Using multiple Combretastatin A4 clinical trial strategies that build trust in the community, are sensitive to cultural norms, and are adaptable to the community environment can enhance recruitment buy HSP990 in underserved communities.”
“During the last years, the EU market is flooded by illegal cosmetics via the Internet and a so-called “black market”. Among these, skin-bleaching products represent an important group. They

contain, according to the current European cosmetic legislation (Directive 76/768/EEC), a number of illegal active substances including hydroquinone, tretinoin and corticosteroids. These may provoke as well local as systemic toxic effects, being the reason for their banning from the EU market. To control this market there is a need for a fast screening method capable of detecting illegal ingredients in the wide variety of existing bleaching cosmetic formulations.\n\nIn this paper the development and validation of an ultra high pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method is described. The proposed method makes use of a Waters Acquity BEH shield RP18 column with a gradient using 25 mM ammonium borate buffer (pH 10) and acetonitrile.\n\nThis method is not only able to detect the major illegal (hydroquinone, tretinoin and six dermatologic active corticosteroids) and legal whitening agents, the latter having restrictions with respect to concentration and application (kojic acid, arbutin, nicotinamide and salicylic acid), but can also quantify these in a run time of 12 min.\n\nThe method was successfully validated using the “total error” approach in accordance with the

learn more validation requirements of ISO-17025.\n\nDuring the validation a variety of cosmetic matrices including creams, lotions and soaps were taken into consideration. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“A new approach toward the fabrication of oriented, suspended fibers from the melting of free standing polymer thin films is presented. Thin films (between 35 and 120 nm) cast via flow coating are melted atop lithographically patterned arrays of pillars to form suspended fibers (from similar to 2 to 3 mu m in diameter) between pillars, The effects of film thickness and pillar spacing on fiber diameter and yield are probed in a combinatorial fashion. A novel image analysis technique for the acquisition of fiber diameter across the multivariable parameter space is also outlined.

In addition, mice fed the high-fat diet displayed more than a 4-fold higher number ATM/ATR inhibitor of BrdU-positive hepatocytes compared

with mice fed the normal rodent diet at 48 hours after thioacetamide treatment. To clarify the mechanisms by which the hepatic necrosis was attenuated, we investigated exposure to thioacetamide and one of its metabolites, the expression of CYP2E1, which converts thioacetamide to reactive metabolites, and the content of glutathione S-transferases in the liver. However, the reduced hepatocellular necrosis noted in mice fed the high-fat diet could not be explained by the differences in exposure to thioacetamide or thioacetamide sulfoxide or by differences in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. On the other hand, at 8 SNS-032 hours after thioacetamide administration, hepatic total glutathione in mice fed the high-fat diet was significantly lower than that

in mice fed the normal diet. Hence, decreased hepatic glutathione amount is a candidate for the mechanism of the attenuated necrosis. In conclusion, this study revealed that thioacetamide-induced hepatic necrosis was attenuated in mice fed the high-fat diet.”
“Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of planned simultaneous cochlear implant operations that do not result in simultaneous cochlear implants on the day of surgery. The frequency with which this occurs has not been reported in the literature, and such information is important for parents’ pre-operative decision making.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric cochlear implant operations performed in the period January 2007-July 2010 at the Melbourne Cochlear Implant Clinic. The number of planned simultaneous cochlear implant procedures and the results of these surgeries were

catalogued. Reasons for not proceeding with simultaneous cochlear implants MLN4924 in vitro as planned were also identified.

Results: In the time period examined, there were a total of 50 planned simultaneous cochlear implant operations. Of these planned simultaneous operations, 22% did not result in bilateral cochlear implants on the day of surgery, with all children involved receiving a first-side cochlear implant only. In the majority of cases, the reason for a first-side cochlear implant only was otitis media.

Conclusion: In the time period examined, a considerable proportion of planned simultaneous cochlear implant operations did not result in simultaneous bilateral implantation on the day of surgery. It is important that the likelihood of this outcome is discussed with families during pre-operative counseling as it may influence their decision making. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The use of two alternative vegetable oils (grape seed oil and almond kernel oil) to prepare nanoparticulated delivery systems (nanocapsules and nanoemulsions) for active substances was evaluated.

Of the 38 common T2D susceptibility variants identified Selleck SU5402 to date, several

are also associated with GDM. Presumably, these mutations increase GDM risk through decreased ability of beta-cells to compensate for the insulin resistance associated with pregnancy. The effect of these alleles on risk for GDM is modest (odds ratios (odds ratio (OR)similar to 1.1-1.6); thus, they individually are poorly predictive. Conclusions: Future studies must concentrate on understanding the biological underpinnings of known T2D risk alleles and the discovery of new alleles for both GDM and T2D. These insights may lead to more effective strategies for preventing and treating GDM.”
“Contents The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Taxol and Cytochalasin B on the spindle, chromosome configuration and development to blastocyst stage after parthenogenesis activation of in vivo matured rabbit oocytes after vitrification. Oocytes were randomized into four groups: oocytes treated with Cytochalasin B or Taxol before vitrification, oocytes without treatment before vitrification and fresh oocytes. Oocytes were vitrified using Cryotop method, and meiotic spindle and chromosomal distribution were assessed with a confocal laser scanning microscopy. To determine oocyte competence, in vitro development of oocytes was

assessed 4SC-202 in vitro with parthenogenesis activation. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of normal spindle (33.0%, 31.0% and 32.6%, for non-treated, Taxol-treated and Cytochalasin B-treated oocytes, respectively) and chromosome (48.3%, 46.6% and 34.8%, for non-treated, Taxol-treated oocytes and Cytochalasin B-treated oocytes respectively) in vitrified groups, but significantly lower than those of fresh group (89.7% and 90.2%, for normal spindle and chromosome organization,

respectively). No statistical differences were found in the cleavage and blastocyst development rates between non-treated and Taxol-treated oocytes (7.7% and 1.5% and 13.7% and 4.6%, for non-treated and Taxol-treated oocytes, respectively), although they were significantly lower than in the fresh group (42.3% and 32.1%, for cleavage and blastocyst development, respectively). Oocytes treated with Cytochalasin B failed to reach blastocyst stage. Normal spindle, chromosome configuration and blastocyst VX-689 cell line development of in vivo matured rabbit oocytes were damaged in vitrification, which was not improved by Taxol and Cytochalasin B pre-treatment before vitrification. Moreover, a detrimental effect on blastocyst development of Cytochalasin B pre-treatment before vitrification was observed.”
“Bisphenol A (BPA), is an industrially important compound and is widely used for the production of polycarbonates and other plastics. Over the past few years, there have been many issues raised all over the world on the use of BPA. BPA is known to possess estrogenic activities; hence, it mimics the role of estrogen once it enters living systems.

(C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3457357]“
“P>Three days of fasting protects mice against lethal renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesize that the protection imposed by fasting is mediated by increased levels of corticosterone, induced by the stress of food deprivation.

C57Bl/6 mice were fasted for 3 days after which serum corticosterone levels were determined. Mice underwent a bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX). Ten days later, they were either fasted or given a corticosterone receptor antagonist while fasting. Bilateral renal I/R injury was induced by clamping check details the artery and vein of the left and right kidney simultaneously for 37 min. Survival and kidney function were determined. Fasting significantly increased corticosterone levels. Only 8% of the ADX mice which were fasted prior to I/R injury survived, whereas all sham-ADX operated mice survived I/R injury after fasting. After ADX and fasting, 70% of the mice subjected to sham I/R succumbed to the surgical procedure. After fasting with concomitant blockade

of the glucocorticoid receptor this website all animals survived renal I/R. Three days of fasting protects against I/R injury and increases serum corticosterone levels. ADX renders mice incapable of withstanding subsequent abdominal surgery. Glucocorticoid receptor blockade does not interfere with the protective effects of fasting. Thus, the protection against renal I/R injury induced by preoperative fasting is mediated by corticosterone-independent mechanisms.”
“Purpose: To retrospectively assess the association between gadopentetate dimeglumine exposure at magnetic resonance imaging and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).

Materials and Methods:

This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval. Informed consent was waived. A search of medical and pathologic records was performed to identify patients with NSF that was diagnosed between January 1998 and December 2007. Patients with known exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents other than gadopentetate dimeglumine were excluded. Medical records were then reviewed for gadopentetate dimeglumine exposure, renal status, concomitant diseases, timing of NSF symptom Vorinostat supplier onset, date of NSF diagnosis, and clinical outcome. Skin gadolinium deposition was assessed for those patients with adequate available tissue. Spearman rank correlations were estimated to assess the relationship between the dose of gadopentetate dimeglumine and the time to onset of NSF.

Results: Thirty-six patients (mean age, 62.6 years; range, 30-83 years) had been exposed to gadopentetate dimeglumine prior to NSF onset. All had stage 5 chronic kidney disease and all but one were undergoing dialysis at the time of exposure.

VAS score, JOAS, and ODI were not significantly different between the two groups before and after surgery (P > 0.05). Rate and average duration of bone union were 90% and 8.5 months in the local bone graft group, and 85% and 7.7 months in the ICBG group, but without significant difference (P > 0.05). Prolonged surgical time and complications such as donor site pain (8 patients)

and sensory disturbance (6 patients) were observed in the ICBG group. If single-level posterolateral fusion was performed, local bone graft technique has the same bone union rate compared with ICBG, requires less surgical time, and has fewer complications.”
“The study of neuronal adaptations induced by opiate drugs is particularly relevant learn more today given their widespread prescription and nonprescription use. Although much is known about the acute actions of such drugs on the nervous system, a great deal of work remains to fully understand their chronic effects. Here, we focus on longer-lasting adaptations

that occur in two catecholaminergic brain regions that mediate distinct behavioral actions of opiates: ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons, Copanlisib supplier important for drug reward, and locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons, important for physical dependence and withdrawal. We focus on changes in cellular, synaptic, and structural plasticity in these brain regions that contribute to opiate dependence and addiction. Understanding the molecular determinants of this opiate-induced plasticity will be critical for the development of better treatments for opiate click here addiction and perhaps safer opiate drugs for medicinal use.”
“Objective: To investigate the expression of leptin

and leptin receptor (OB-R) and their clinicopathological significance in human esophageal carcinoma.

Methods: The expression of leptin and OB-R was detected in 52 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues and 49 cases of normal esophageal tissues by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between their expression and clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed.

Results: The expression rates of leptin and OB-R in esophageal carcinoma were 78.8% (41/52) and 82.7% (43/52), respectively, and the rates in normal esophagus samples were 58.3% (28/49) and 59.2% (29/49), respectively. The expression rates of leptin and OB-R have statistically significant differences between esophageal carcinoma and normal esophagus tissue (P=0.027, P=0.009, P<0.05, for both). The immunostaining intensity of leptin and OB-R was significantly stronger in esophageal carcinoma than in normal esophagus tissue. The expression rates of leptin and OB-R have correlations with position, tumor size, differentiation, lymphaden metastasis, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Leptin and OB-R were dually expressed in esophageal carcinoma. They play an important role in the process of carcinogenesis and development of esophageal carcinoma.

Standing full spine radiographs were used to measure sagittal parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and sacrum-bicoxofemoral distance (SFD).

The Rabusertib manufacturer PI, SS and LL in DG were significantly lower than NG, while the SVA and SFD were significantly greater (P < 0.05). PI correlated well with the SS and LL in all subjects. However, the trend lines of SS or LL over PI

were downward in DG. PI was similar in SDG and ADG (P = 0.716) but SS and LL were significantly lower and SVA was significantly greater (P < 0.05).

PI may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases. The secondary structural NVP-HSP990 cost and compensatory factors would lead to

a straighter spine after disc degenerative change.”
“SETTING: Damien Foundation tuberculosis (TB) control projects in Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of extending the intensive phase (P1) of treatment by 1 month for patients who are smear-positive after 2 months of a 6-month regimen containing rifampicin (RMP) throughout.

DESIGN: Prospective operational study randomising P1 extension for new smear-positive cases with any number of acid-fast bacilli in the 2-month smear (2M+). Smear-defined failures and relapses underwent culture and drug susceptibility testing in addition to DNA sequencing of the rpoB gene before and after treatment.

RESULTS: Of 16 708 patients evaluated, 12 967 were smear-negative at 2 months (2M-); 1871 and 1870 2M+ were randomised to no extension or extension. Respectively JNJ-26481585 research buy 0.3% (95%CI 0.2-0.4),

1.2% (95%CI 0.7-1.8) and 2.0% (95 700 1.4-2.8) smear- and culture-positive failures, and 1.2% (95%CI 1.0-1.4), 2.6% (95%CI 1.9-3.4) and 0.9% (95%CI 0.5-1.4) relapses were detected. Extension significantly reversed the relative risk (RR) of relapse of 2M+ vs. 2M- patients from 2.2 (95%CI 1.6-3.0) to 0.7 (95%CI 0.4-1.2). The RR for failure remained high, at 7.3 (95%CI 4.7-11.5) with and 4.2 (95%CI 2.5-7.2) without extension. More multidrug resistance was found after extension, but acquired RMP resistance was similar in all arms. The fair sensitivity of the 2-month smear for failure or relapse (40%) was offset by a very low positive predictive value (3%).

CONCLUSIONS: Extension of P1 is very inefficient with this 6-month regimen. Operational research should define appropriate algorithms allowing an earlier switch to the next higher regimen for those in need, using follow-up smears for screening.”
“The corticotrophinoma, causing pituitary dependent hypercortisolism, represents the highest percentage of pituitary tumours in the dog. The mechanism by which it develops is currently unknown and two theories are postulated: the hypothalamic and the monoclonal.

075 of R(FL). Model III showed maximum geometry values and extinction coefficients for optical fiber separations of 2 and 2.5 mm, yielding the higher R(2) as R(FL) and wavelength increased. The results demonstrated a high correlation between functional properties of meat emulsion (i.e., R(FL)) and optical wavebands that may have potential for predicting I(N0) using an optic sensor technology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To determine the effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on ovarian functions, uterine and fibroid volume.

In this prospective study, LNG-IUS was inserted to 46 women with menorrhagia. The patients were evaluated for serum levels of

hemoglobin, FSH, LH and estradiol, ovarian volume, uterine and fibroid volume and Kupperman index scores at the time of insertion, at 6th and 12th months.

Serum SBE-β-CD FSH

levels increased in 69% of the device users, the increase of serum FSH levels were statistically significant (P = 0.021). Regression analysis showed significant association between FSH levels and age of the patient (P = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in ovarian and uterine volumes. A statistically significant decrease in myoma volumes were observed (P = 0.04).

The application of LNG-IUS this website in reproductive age women seems to decrease fibroid size and increase hemoglobin levels without any significant dysfunction on ovaries.”
“The influence of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) variables, namely, sample concentration, salt concentration and sample amount, on the equilibrium headspace analysis of the main volatile flavor compounds released from soursop was investigated. A total of 35 volatile compounds, comprising 19 esters, six alcohols, three terpenes, two acids, two aromatics, DZNeP supplier two ketones and an aldehyde, were identified. The results indicated

that all response-surface models were significantly (p < 0.05) fitted for 10 target volatile flavor compounds. The results further indicated that more than 65% of the variation in the equilibrium headspace concentrations of target volatile flavor compounds could be explained by the final reduced models, with high R(2) values ranging from 0.658 to 0.944. Multiple optimization results showed that extraction using a 76.6% (w/w) sample concentration, 20.2% (w/w) salt and 8.2 g of blended soursop pulp was predicted to provide the highest overall equilibrium headspace concentration for the target soursop volatile flavor compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Breast carcinoma classification has dramatically changed in recent years following application of molecular techniques. Immunohistochemistry can help select patients for different therapies. The objective of the present report is to determine the prognostic influence of the molecular classification of breast carcinoma with immunohistochemistry.

There was less cyclosporine absorbed with Cysporin than with Neoral (ratio 1.31, 90% confidence intervals 1.20 to 1.42) and, although statistically bioequivalent for area under the curve (AUC), a reduction was observed with the new formulation (ratio 1.17, 90% confidence intervals 1.1 to 1.23). The best fit with AUC was observed at 6 hours post-dose for Neoral and 1.5 hours for Cysporin, not the 2 hours post-dose used clinically.

Conclusions: This

study suggests that Cysporin may not be clinically bioequivalent to Neoral in heart transplant recipients. The clinical implications of this observation require further exploration in a larger patient cohort. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28:894-8. Copyright (C) 2009 by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.”
“Small size at birth may result learn more from fetal undernutrition which may occur at different times during gestation. Early postnatal catch-up growth and excess childhood weight gain are associated with an increased risk of adult cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contributions selleck chemical of body composition and energy expenditure on fasting insulin sensitivity during late childhood.

We took, advantage of two previously described prospective cohorts of children born either at term or prematurely, with a wide range of birth weights adjusted for gestational age. Seventy-one prepubertal children Nocodazole mw (mean age 7.5 +/- 0.3 years) were examined: 23 term SGA (8 M, 15 F), 12 preterm SGA (7 M, 5 F), 16 term AGA (8 M, 8 F), and 20 preterm AGA (9 M, 11 F). Mean height SDS was -0.18 +/- 0.11 and mean BMI SDS was 0.27 +/- 0.03. Change in weight SDS was significantly higher in children born SGA compared to their AGA counterparts (p <0.001). Change in weight SDS was highly correlated with fasting insulin (p <0.03) and leptin

(p <0.001). Fasting insulin correlated only with serum leptin levels. Body composition appeared to be the main determinant of fasting leptin levels. No differences in lipid profile were observed between the different groups. There was a clear tendency to higher insulin and leptin levels in children born SGA compared with their AGA counterparts. IGF-I levels were significantly higher only in SGA term compared to AGA term. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was lower in SGA horn at term and higher in SGA born preterm compared to their AGA counterparts. In conclusion, fasting insulin sensitivity is mainly determined by leptin levels which in turn are determined by body composition. IGF-I and REE showed a divergent pattern in SGA term compared to SGA preterm groups. IGF-I levels were determined only by weight change from birth to age 2 years, which may not be as pronounced in VLBW children compared to SGA term and thus may preclude a difference in IGF-I levels in the group of preterm children.

Some face areas were better for analysing images. Minimum temperature on eyes and temperatures on nose are suggested to assess heat losses and critical areas of the farm

for heat stress in rabbits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of compounds Ho6-xErxMnBi2 (x=0,3,6) are investigated experimentally. All the compounds crystallize in the hexagonal Zr6CoAs2-type structure and show a sharp drop in the magnetization around their respective magnetic ordering temperature, which is 201 buy Screening Library K (x=0), 147 K (x=3), and 98 K (x=6), respectively. Either thermal or magnetic hysteresis around the phase transition is not observed, suggesting a second order phase transition nature. The magnetic entropy change (Delta S-m) calculated from the Maxwell relation

using the collected magnetization data is 10.6 (x=6), 7.3 (x=3), and 5.0 J kg(-1) K-1 (x=0), respectively. The shape of the Delta S-m-T curve has a good symmetry below and above the magnetic ordering temperature, and the value of the magnetic entropy change increases monotonously with increasing field change. The calorimetric technique has also been used for Er6MnBi2 to check the credibility of the magnetic method. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3359812]“
“Background and aims: A substantial number of subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) do not have LDL receptor Selleck Proteasome inhibitor (LDLR) or apolipoprotein B (APOB) mutations. Some ADH subjects appear to hyperabsorb sterols from the intestine, thus we hypothesized that they could have variants of the Niemann Pick

C1-Like 1 gene (NPC1L1). NPC1L1 encodes a crucial protein involved in intestinal sterol absorption.

Methods and results: Four NPC1L1 variants (-133A>G, 18C>A, 1679C>G, 28650A>G) were analyzed in 271 (155 women and 116 men) ADH bearers without mutations in LDLR or APOB aged 30-70 years and 274 (180 women and 94 men) control subjects aged 25-65 years. The AC haplotype determined by the -133A>G and -18C>A variants was underrepresented in ADH subjects compared to controls (p = 0.01). In the ADH group, cholesterol absorption/synthesis markers were significantly lower in Crenolanib AC homozygotes that in all others haplotypes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) results revealed that the -133A-specific oligonucleotide produced a retarded band stronger than the -133G allele. Luciferase activity with NPC1L1 -133G variant was 2.5-fold higher than with the -133A variant.”
“The objective was to investigate the effect of 18 h road transport with a 12 h mid-journey rest period in comparison to the exposure of bulls to a novel environment on physiological, metabolic and behavioural responses of beef bulls. Thirty Charolais sired crossbred beef bulls (mean 486.0, s.d. 57.