75, corrected P-value = 0.015). Haplotype analysis revealed that TGGTA protected females from SGSD development (odds ratio = 0.75, corrected P-value = 0.02). Based on our findings, IL18 rs5744247C>G polymorphism could be a potential genetic marker to predict SGSD susceptibility in Han

Chinese women. “
“In Taiwan, a screening system using an infant stool color card to promote the early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) was established in 2002. This study aimed to investigate the 5-year outcome of BA before and after using the screening program. BA patients were divided into three cohorts according to their birth dates. The patients in cohort A (n = 89) were born before the stool card screening program (1990-2000); those in cohort B (n = 28) were screened by the stool card regional screening program (2002-2003); and those in cohort C (n = 74) were screened by the stool card universal Smad inhibitor screening program (2004-2005). The relative odds ratios were computed using logistic regression to compare the different factors affecting survival time.

The rate of age at Kasai operation <60 days was 49.4% and 65.7% in cohorts A and B+C, respectively (P = 0.02). The jaundice-free (total serum bilirubin <2.0 mg/dL) rate 3 months after surgery was MG-132 mouse 34.8% and 60.8% in cohorts A and B+C, respectively (P < 0.001). The 3-year jaundice-free survival rate with native liver was 31.5% in cohort A and 56.9% in cohort B+C (P < 0.001), whereas the 3-year overall survival rates were 64.0% and 89.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year jaundice-free survival rate with native liver was 27.3% in cohort A and 64.3% in cohort B (P < 0.001), and the 5-year overall survival rates were 55.7% and 89.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The stool color card screening program for BA allows for earlier Kasai operation, which increases the jaundice-free rate at 3 months postsurgery. With higher surgical success rates, the 3- and 5-year outcome of BA patients in Taiwan improves remarkably. MCE公司 (HEPATOLOGY 2011.) Biliary atresia (BA) is an inflammatory, progressive fibro-sclerosing cholangiopathy of infancy that variably affects

both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts,1, 2 resulting in the destruction and obstruction of the biliary tract.2-4 If untreated, BA progresses to cirrhosis with portal hypertension and liver failure leading to death within 2 to 3 years. Since the Kasai operation was first used for BA in 1959, there have been encouraging results in treating this disease such that it has become the first-line treatment. The Kasai operation can restore bile flow through a reconstructed hepatic portoenterostomy to a jejunal loop. Once the cholestasis progresses and/or complications of liver cirrhosis occur, liver transplantation remains the salvage way for BA. Although ongoing cholestasis, which further aggravates liver cirrhosis, is present in most BA children,5 a successful Kasai operation may still delay or even decrease the need for liver transplantation.

Conclusions: SOF+RBV administered for 12 weeks in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced Japanese patients with chronic GT-2 HCV infection including the elderly and those with compensated cirrhosis achieved high and similar SVR rates. The regimen was safe and well-tolerated. The data suggest that SOF+RBV may offer an improved, IFN-free therapeutic option to Japanese patients with chronic GT-2 HCV infection. SVR Rates Disclosures: Masao Omata – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Boehringer Ingelheim; Speaking and Teaching: Otsuka Pharmaceutical, buy MI-503 Bayer Yoshiyuki Ueno – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Jansen, Gilead Science; Speaking and Teaching: BMS Namiki Izumi – Speaking and Teaching: MSD Co., Chugai Co., Daiichi

Sankyo Co., Bayer Co., Bristol Meyers Co. Osamu Yokosuka – Grant/Research Support: Chugai, Taiho, Bristol Myers Tetsuo Takehara – Grant/Research Support: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., MSD K.K. Bing Gao – Employment: Gilead; Stock Shareholder: Gilead Akinobu Ishizaki – Employment: Gilead Sciences Inc. Masa Omote – Employment: Gilead Scineces; Stock Shareholder: Gilead Scineces Diana M. Brainard JQ1 research buy – Employment: Gilead Sciences, Inc. Steven J. Knox – Employment: Gilead Sciences William T. Symonds – Employment: Gilead John G. McHutchison – Employment: Gilead Sciences; Stock Shareholder: Gilead Sciences The following people have nothing to disclose: Shuhei

Nishiguchi, Hitoshi Mochizuki, Fusao Ikeda, Hidenori Toyoda, Kazushige Nirei, Takuya Genda, Takeji Umemura, Naoya Sakamoto, Yoichi Nishigaki, Kunio Nakane, Nobuo Toda, Tatsuya Ide, Mikio Yanase, Keisuke MCE公司 Hino, Juan Betular, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Masashi Mizokami Background/Aim: An estimated 60% of all hepatitis C (HCV) infections in the United States is attributable to injection drug use. Less than 1% of persons who inject drugs (PWID) infected with HCV are treated annually. This may change with wider availability of direct-acting antivirals

(DAAs). An estimated 33,000 PWID reside in metropolitan Chicago (PLos ONE, 2013. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.006478). We aim to predict the impact of expected DAA therapy on HCV prevalence among Chicago PWID using a mathematical model. Methods: The model developed by Martin et al (J Hepatol, 2011. 54(6): p. 1137-44) was simulated for Chicago PWID with the following updates/assumptions: (i) DAA therapy is short (12 or 6 weeks) and leads to a 90% sustained virological response; (ii) incorporation of empirical data on HCV kinetics from chimpanzees (Gastroenterology, 2010. 139(3): p. 965-74) and humans (Gastroenterology, 2010. 138(1):315-24). Results: Through mathematical modeling using the 2009 National HIV Behavioral Survey data for Chicago, we estimated that 30% (9,900) of the 33,000 PWID in Chicago are chronically infected with HCV. A treatment scale up of 10 infected persons per 1000 total PWID population per year (330 infected persons) would reduce the HCV prevalence in Chicago over 20 years by almost half, to 17%.

Mitochondrial α-oxidation progressively shortens the fatty acyl-CoA by two carbon units at each cycle (released as

acetyl-CoA), through a series of dehydrogenation, hydration, and cleavage reactions that involve membrane-bound and soluble enzymes that are transcriptionally regulated PPAR-α.41 Palbociclib in vivo Acetyl-CoA derived from FAO can either enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle for complete oxidation and energy production for the liver or can be condensed to form ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) that are exported to provide fuel for other tissues.38 Data from studies conducted in rodent models demonstrate that inhibition or activation of intrahepatic FAO can influence IHTG content. Genetic or experimentally induced deficiencies in mitochondrial oxidative enzymes lead to hepatic steatosis,42, 43 whereas increasing the expression or activity of hepatic enzymes involved in FAO reduces IHTG accumulation.44–47 However, it is not known whether FAO is defective in human subjects with NAFLD, because there are currently no reliable methods for measuring hepatic FAO in vivo. Indirect CHIR-99021 cost measures of hepatic mitochondrial FAO, assessed by plasma ketone body concentrations, suggest that hepatic FAO is either increased or normal in subjects with NAFLD.48–51 In addition, although CPT-1 expression is decreased, gene expression

of other hepatic fatty acid oxidative enzymes are generally greater in subjects with NAFLD than in those with normal IHTG content24, 33 In contrast, subjects MCE公司 with NAFLD have evidence of hepatic mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities, including loss of mitochondrial cristae and paracrystalline inclusions,49, 52 a decrease in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity,53 impaired ability to resynthesize ATP after a fructose challenge,54 and increased hepatic uncoupling protein 2,33 which affect energy production but not FAO. These abnormalities

could represent an adaptive uncoupling of FAO and ATP production, which allows the liver to oxidize excessive FA substrates without generating unneeded ATP. VLDLs are complex lipoprotein particles that are produced by the liver and secreted into the systemic circulation. The formation of VLDL provides an important mechanism for converting water-insoluble TG into a water-soluble form that can be exported from the liver and delivered to peripheral tissues. Hepatic VLDL assembly involves the fusion of a newly synthesized apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) molecule with a TG droplet through the action of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; each VLDL particle contains a single molecule of apoB-100. The FAs that are esterified into TG and secreted as VLDL are derived from several sources.

There were no significant selleck compound differences

of TGF-β1 before and after splenectomy. The reason for the chronological changes in TGF-β1 levels after splenectomy is unknown because various factors including platelets may be involved in the production of TGF-β1. We also found a slightly higher number of TGF-β1 positive cells in non-tumor areas in the liver tissue of patients with HCC than in those without. Furthermore, the number of TGF-β1 positive cells significantly increased with the progression of liver fibrosis.[4, 21, 26, 42] In conclusion, splenectomy in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis may be able to improve liver fibrosis, cause beneficial immunological changes and lower the risk of carcinogenesis. It seems necessary to accumulate further cases to establish a convincing conclusion. This study was partially supported by a Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Japan, regarding Research on Intractable Diseases, Portal Hemodynamic Abnormalities. “
“Background

and Aim:  Antituberculosis drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, in combination, are known to develop drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). A higher risk of DIH during antituberculosis treatment (ATT) has been reported in the Indian subcontinent compared to its Western counterparts. The role of genetic factors in a higher incidence of ATT hepatotoxicity in the Indian population is still unclear. The present study was aimed at investigating 上海皓元 the role of the N-acetyltransferase2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P4502E1 JQ1 concentration (CYP2E1) gene polymorphisms in ATT hepatotoxicity. Methods:  The study population included 218 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were started on ATT and followed

up for the occurrence of ATT-induced hepatitis. The genetic polymorphisms of the NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes were studied by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results:  The occurrence of DIH was 18.8% (41/218). There was a higher prevalence of NAT2 slow-acetylator genotypes in DIH (70.73%) compared to non-DIH (44.63%; P < 0.05). The frequency of the NAT2*5/*7 and NAT2*6/*7 genotypes was significantly higher in DIH than non-DIH (19.51% vs 6.78%, and 19.51% vs 5.08%). No association of the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism could be demonstrated with DIH. However, the DraI C/D genotype of the CYP2E1 gene was mostly prevalent in DIH (85.37%), compared to non-DIH (64.41%) (P < 0.05). Slow-acetylator status and the CYP2E1 C/D or C/C genotype together showed a higher frequency in DIH (65.85%) compared to non-DIH (28.81%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion:  The study demonstrates for the first time a possible association between the DraI polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene and the risk of ATT hepatotoxicity.

We observed 9268 individuals; median group size was 6.5 (se = 1.7; range = 1–121), and groups of 1–5 animals were most common. Seasonality exerted strong effects with the smallest groups in June

and largest in December. The largest mixed and nursery groups formed during pre-rutting and summer seasons, respectively, but no seasonal differences were detected for bachelor groups. The best fitting model, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, predation rate and season as covariates, explained ∼76% of the variation in monthly ‘typical’ group size. Our results are concordant with studies of other arid-adapted ungulates and suggest vegetation productivity, predation rate and biological cycles are responsible

for saiga grouping patterns in Mongolia. “
“Evolutionary Biology Center, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Poznan, Poland Both genome-wide heterozygosity GSK458 manufacturer and heterozygosity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are often associated with higher fitness. Recent theoretical work indicates that sexual ornaments may reveal information about individual heterozygosity, and that preference for such ornaments may benefit females via the increased heterozygosity of their progeny. Here, we used path analysis to investigate the direct and indirect Smoothened Agonist (via body size used as an index of condition) effects of heterozygosity at six microsatellite loci and the MHC class II DAB gene on the size of a sexual ornament, the crest, in the crested newt Triturus cristatus. We found that microsatellite heterozygosity, but not MHC heterozygosity, significantly predicted male body size, and that male body size significantly predicted crest height. However, there was no direct effect of MHC or microsatellite heterozygosity on crest height. Furthermore, microsatellite heterozygosity significantly increased with age, indicating that it had a positive effect on survival. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis MCE公司 that heterozygosity determines condition, and that variation in condition is expressed as variation in sexual ornamentation. “
“We measured

the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in head shape, head scalation and femoral pores in two lizard species (Podarcis bocagei and Podarcis hispanica) from 13 islands and 15 mainland localities in the Ria de Arosa archipelago of north-western Spain. Given the recent geological history of the region, the degree of isolation to which lizard populations have been subjected can be ordered along a spatio-temporal gradient, yielding the following hypotheses to be tested: FA will be higher (1) in island populations than in mainland populations; (2) on remote islands than on islands close to the mainland; (3) on small islands than on large islands. Molecular genetic data suggest that P. hispanica is autochthonous in the Ria de Arosa, whereas P. bocagei is a more recent arrival.

We observed 9268 individuals; median group size was 6.5 (se = 1.7; range = 1–121), and groups of 1–5 animals were most common. Seasonality exerted strong effects with the smallest groups in June

and largest in December. The largest mixed and nursery groups formed during pre-rutting and summer seasons, respectively, but no seasonal differences were detected for bachelor groups. The best fitting model, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, predation rate and season as covariates, explained ∼76% of the variation in monthly ‘typical’ group size. Our results are concordant with studies of other arid-adapted ungulates and suggest vegetation productivity, predation rate and biological cycles are responsible

for saiga grouping patterns in Mongolia. “
“Evolutionary Biology Center, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Poznan, Poland Both genome-wide heterozygosity Palbociclib research buy and heterozygosity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are often associated with higher fitness. Recent theoretical work indicates that sexual ornaments may reveal information about individual heterozygosity, and that preference for such ornaments may benefit females via the increased heterozygosity of their progeny. Here, we used path analysis to investigate the direct and indirect this website (via body size used as an index of condition) effects of heterozygosity at six microsatellite loci and the MHC class II DAB gene on the size of a sexual ornament, the crest, in the crested newt Triturus cristatus. We found that microsatellite heterozygosity, but not MHC heterozygosity, significantly predicted male body size, and that male body size significantly predicted crest height. However, there was no direct effect of MHC or microsatellite heterozygosity on crest height. Furthermore, microsatellite heterozygosity significantly increased with age, indicating that it had a positive effect on survival. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis 上海皓元 that heterozygosity determines condition, and that variation in condition is expressed as variation in sexual ornamentation. “
“We measured

the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in head shape, head scalation and femoral pores in two lizard species (Podarcis bocagei and Podarcis hispanica) from 13 islands and 15 mainland localities in the Ria de Arosa archipelago of north-western Spain. Given the recent geological history of the region, the degree of isolation to which lizard populations have been subjected can be ordered along a spatio-temporal gradient, yielding the following hypotheses to be tested: FA will be higher (1) in island populations than in mainland populations; (2) on remote islands than on islands close to the mainland; (3) on small islands than on large islands. Molecular genetic data suggest that P. hispanica is autochthonous in the Ria de Arosa, whereas P. bocagei is a more recent arrival.

The graphs Ku-0059436 cell line of Kaplan-Meier estimates were plotted using Stata statistical software v. 8.2 (College Station, TX). All personal identifiers were removed before the linked data were transferred for data analysis. Because there were no identifiers or links to identifiers in this

dataset, the study was exempt from human subjects review by the Committee on Human Research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, including a waiver of the requirement for informed consent of participating women. Among 1,782,401 women tested, the mean age (standard deviation) at their last HBV seromarker test was 28.29 (4.57) years, as reported.16 In brief, the prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity among the total population and the prevalence of HBeAg seropositivity among HBV-infected carriers with known HBeAg serostatus were 16% (289,992/1,782,401) and 29% (68,390/233,916), respectively. Women in the cohort were followed for a mean of 6.91 years, with a total follow-up

time of 2,105,434 person-years in the HBV-infected subpopulation and 10,206,674 person-years in the HBV-uninfected subpopulation. In total, 18 women had been diagnosed with ICC, whereas 192 women were newly diagnosed NHLs. As for their HBV carrier status at the time of last HBV test: nine were HBsAg-seronegative and nine were HBsAg-seropositive in ICCs, and 125 and 67 in NHLs, respectively. Of the 18 women with newly diagnosed ICC, 15 had histology information; 14 were “Bile Duct Adenocarcinoma” (histology code, 8160), and one was “Adenocarcinoma, NOS” GSK2126458 purchase (histology code, 8140). The most common NHL subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (51.6%), followed by follicular lymphoma (9.4%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (7.3%), small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma (5.2%), mycosis fungoides and Sezary’s disease (5.2%), and Burkitt lymphoma (4.2%). Only one case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and one case of NK/T-cell lymphoma occurred during the study period. There were 上海皓元 31 cases in the category of other NHL, including 28 cases of “NHL, NOS” and three

cases of “malignant lymphoma, lymphoblastic” (Table 1). Table 2 shows incidence rates of developing ICC, NHL overall, and NHL subtypes by HBsAg serostatus. The overall incidence rate (95% CI) per 100,000 person-years was 0.15 (0.09-0.23) for ICC and 1.56 (1.35-1.80) for NHL. Women seropositive for HBsAg had significantly increased incidence rates of ICC and NHL than HBsAg-seronegative women. The incidence rates (95% CI) per 100,000 person-years of ICC were 0.09 (0.05-0.17) and 0.43 (0.22-0.82), respectively, for HBsAg-seronegative and HBsAg-seropositive women; and 1.23 (1.03-1.46) and 3.18 (2.50-4.04), respectively, of NHL. The significantly increased risk also was observed for two NHL subtypes, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other NHL. The incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma increased from HBsAg-seronegative (0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77) to HBsAg-seropositive (1.81; 1.31-2.48) women.

The graphs ZD1839 datasheet of Kaplan-Meier estimates were plotted using Stata statistical software v. 8.2 (College Station, TX). All personal identifiers were removed before the linked data were transferred for data analysis. Because there were no identifiers or links to identifiers in this

dataset, the study was exempt from human subjects review by the Committee on Human Research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, including a waiver of the requirement for informed consent of participating women. Among 1,782,401 women tested, the mean age (standard deviation) at their last HBV seromarker test was 28.29 (4.57) years, as reported.16 In brief, the prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity among the total population and the prevalence of HBeAg seropositivity among HBV-infected carriers with known HBeAg serostatus were 16% (289,992/1,782,401) and 29% (68,390/233,916), respectively. Women in the cohort were followed for a mean of 6.91 years, with a total follow-up

time of 2,105,434 person-years in the HBV-infected subpopulation and 10,206,674 person-years in the HBV-uninfected subpopulation. In total, 18 women had been diagnosed with ICC, whereas 192 women were newly diagnosed NHLs. As for their HBV carrier status at the time of last HBV test: nine were HBsAg-seronegative and nine were HBsAg-seropositive in ICCs, and 125 and 67 in NHLs, respectively. Of the 18 women with newly diagnosed ICC, 15 had histology information; 14 were “Bile Duct Adenocarcinoma” (histology code, 8160), and one was “Adenocarcinoma, NOS” this website (histology code, 8140). The most common NHL subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (51.6%), followed by follicular lymphoma (9.4%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (7.3%), small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma (5.2%), mycosis fungoides and Sezary’s disease (5.2%), and Burkitt lymphoma (4.2%). Only one case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and one case of NK/T-cell lymphoma occurred during the study period. There were MCE 31 cases in the category of other NHL, including 28 cases of “NHL, NOS” and three

cases of “malignant lymphoma, lymphoblastic” (Table 1). Table 2 shows incidence rates of developing ICC, NHL overall, and NHL subtypes by HBsAg serostatus. The overall incidence rate (95% CI) per 100,000 person-years was 0.15 (0.09-0.23) for ICC and 1.56 (1.35-1.80) for NHL. Women seropositive for HBsAg had significantly increased incidence rates of ICC and NHL than HBsAg-seronegative women. The incidence rates (95% CI) per 100,000 person-years of ICC were 0.09 (0.05-0.17) and 0.43 (0.22-0.82), respectively, for HBsAg-seronegative and HBsAg-seropositive women; and 1.23 (1.03-1.46) and 3.18 (2.50-4.04), respectively, of NHL. The significantly increased risk also was observed for two NHL subtypes, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other NHL. The incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma increased from HBsAg-seronegative (0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77) to HBsAg-seropositive (1.81; 1.31-2.48) women.

Using western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, the expression of these biomarkers was validated in Sirt6−/− mouse hepatocytes and human hepatoma cell lines. Further, re-expression of

Selleck PLX3397 SIRT6 in HepG2 cells restored sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Global transcriptomic analyses confirmed the prominent role of Sirt6 signaling in the regulation of key hepatocyte functions such as cell cycle, metabolism, and oxidative stress response. On the molecular level, genetic loss of Sirt6 caused changes in the methylation pattern of affected livers leading to a metabolic and pro-oncogenic phenotype. Together, our results indicate a clinical significance of SIRT6 and disrupted SIRT6 signaling during liver carcinogenesis. Mice of the strain 129-Sirt6tm1Fwa/J

were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and interbred to obtain mice homozygous for the Sirt6tm1Fwa allele. Hepatocytes from Sirt6−/− and Sirt6+/+ mice were isolated from mouse livers via hepatic portal vein perfusion as described.[19] Mice were kept Silmitasertib chemical structure in the central laboratory animal facility (ZVTE) of the Johannes Gutenberg University. Blood glucose levels were measured in whole blood with an Accu-Chek Sensor (Roche). For genomic DNA preparation, tissues were lysed at 37°C overnight in a buffer containing 75mM NaCl, 30 mM EDTA, 0.5% SDS and 250 μg/mL proteinase K (pH 8.0). After addition of NaCl to a final concentration of 2M, the lysate was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 10,000 rpm. Genomic DNA was precipitated, MCE公司 washed with 70% ethanol, air-dried, and resuspended in TE buffer. The global DNA methylation status of livers from Sirt6−/− and Sirt6+/+ mice was determined using the colorimetric MethylFlash Methylated DNA Quantification

Kit (Epigentek Inc.) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.[20] Relative quantification of 100 ng genomic DNA was performed on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader at 450 nm. All investigations were performed in triplicate using two independent replicates. Total RNA from isolated hepatocytes was extracted using Absolutely RNA Miniprep Kit (Agilent Technologies) following the instructions of the manufacturer. RNA quantity was estimated using a NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE). Gene expression microarrays were performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays. The arrays were deposited at EMBL-EBI (accession number: E-MTAB-1477). Arrays were normalized based on mean intensity values across the chips. Changes in expression levels were calculated based on log2 ratio. Publically available microarray data (Gene Expression Omnibus accession number: GSE21965)[11] was downloaded from GEO, processed, and analyzed using BRB ArrayTools V3.3.

Methods: 1960 patients were randomized into the air insufflation and water injection colonoscopy group. 600 colonoscopies were performed by 6 experienced endoscopists (100

each). 1360 colonoscopies were performed by 4 beginners (340 each). All the patients were examined without any sedatives or analgesics. The cecal intubation time, the abdominal pain (evaluated by VAS pain score) were observed. The success standard: the cecal intubation time was within 15 min. Results: 1355 and 599 cases performed by beginners and experienced endoscopists respectively were in the statistics. 682 were in the water group and 673 in the air group of beginners, the success rate of the cecal intubation was 91.35% vs 74.15% (P < 0.05), the cecal intubation Daporinad in vivo time was 9.0 ± 5.0 vs 12.0 ± 4.0 min, (P < 0.001), the abdominal Pritelivir datasheet VAS pain score was 2.0 ± 2.0 vs 4.0 ± 2.0 (P < 0.001) in the water and air group respectively. For experienced endoscopists, 297 were in the water group and 303 in the air group, the cecal intubation time was 6.0 ± 3.0 vs 4.0 ± 3.0, (P < 0.001), the abdominal VAS pain score was 1.0 ± 2.0 vs 3.0 ± 2.0 (P < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: The water method could relieve the patients' abdominal pain obviously for both beginners and endoscopists,

and it could shorten the cecal intubation time and increase the success rate for beginners. Why the intubation time for experienced colonoscopists was longer with the water method than the air method was worth further investigation. Key Word(s): 1. Water colonoscopy; 2. Without sedation; 3. beginners; 4. endoscopists; Presenting Author: MARGARET ELAINEJUSTINIANO VILLAMAYOR Additional Authors: ANGELINE MAGBITANG Corresponding Author: MARGARET ELAINEJUSTINIANO VILLAMAYOR Affiliations: UP-Philippine General Hospital Objective: Henoch-Schönlein purpura

(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis of the small vessels which usually affects children but may medchemexpress also occur in adults. Patients with HSP presents with the characteristic symptoms of abdominal pain, rash and arthralgia. We report a 19-year-old Filipino male who presented with colicky abdominal pain with bloody stools, he eventually developed arthralgia and skin rash on the lower extremities. Skin biopsy specimen revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy was done to further investigate the source of the GI bleeding. Endoscopy appears to have substantial diagnostic utility in patients suspected of having HSP. Methods: This is a case of a 19 year old Filipino male who presented with 2 week history colicky epigastric and left lower quadrant abdominal pain, he was initially treated as gastritis and urinary tract infection. He subsequently developed black to bloody stools, arthralgia, leg edema and non-pruritic purpuric rashes on both lower extremities. Fecalysis was done as outpatient which was positive for E. histolytic and E. coli and was started on Metronidazole.