11-14 Single, small HCC in patients with compensated cirrhosis and optimal performance status are identified by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification as very early (class 0) and early (class A) HCC, and at this stage patients are usually amenable to curative treatment.15 The BCLC classification system, however, does not include alpha-fetoprotein assessment, although this serum marker has been identified by several studies as

an overall independent predictor of survival.11 However, the majority of studies that evaluated the prognostic capability of alpha-fetoprotein have included heterogeneous cohorts of patients, thus preventing an appropriate assessment of its usefulness as a prognostic tool in a well-defined PFT�� in vitro subset of patients.11, 16 In this

study we evaluated the prognostic role of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with compensated cirrhosis, optimal performance status, and single, small HCC (≤3 cm) identified during surveillance and treated with curative intent. Our aim was to verify whether, in this specific setting, assessment of alpha-fetoprotein serum levels may have any prognostic relevance. AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ITA.LI.CA, Italian Liver Cancer; PEI, percutaneous ACP-196 ethanol injection; RFTA, radiofrequency thermal ablation; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. We retrospectively analyzed the data of the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) database,

currently including 3,027 HCC patients consecutively seen from January 1987 to December 2008 at 11 Italian medical institutions. The data were collected prospectively and updated every 2 years. Main characteristics of the database have been previously reported.17 Briefly, the ITA.LI.CA database includes data on patient demographics, main biochemical and hematological variables, etiology and stage Gefitinib of liver disease, presence of comorbidities, HCC stage and treatment, patient survival, and causes of death.17 For the purpose of this study, we included patients with well-compensated liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 who were diagnosed with a single, small (i.e., ≤3 cm) HCC during periodic liver ultrasound, had no vascular invasion, no metastases, and who were treated with curative intent.18, 19 The diagnosis of HCC was based on histology and/or cytology in 106 (51.7%) patients.

7, 19.3, 8.0% at the end of 5 years; 44.4, 39.4, 18.2% at the end of 10 years; 60.4, 52.7, 29.1% at the end of 15 years; 71.6, 60.3, 43.1% at the end of 20 years; and 87.1, 69.8, 46.9% at the end of 25 years, respectively. The rates were significantly different among the three HCV subgroups (P < 0.001) (Fig. 1). Especially, the rates in HCV-1b of Gln70(His70) were significantly higher than those in HCV-1b of Arg70 (P = 0.028) and HCV-2a/2b (P < 0.001), and selleck compound the rates in HCV-1b of Arg70 were also significantly higher than those in HCV-2a/2b (P

< 0.001). During the follow-up, 104 patients (34.4%), 97 (23.4%), and 42 (10.0%) died due to liver-related causes in HCV-1b of Gln70(His70), HCV-1b of Arg70, and HCV-2a/2b, respectively. In HCV-1b of Gln70(His70), HCV-1b of Arg70, and HCV-2a/2b, the cumulative survival rates for liver-related death were 95.2, 95.4, 97.9% at the end of 5 years; 77.7, 83.3, 93.9% at the end of 10 years; 58.4, 68.4, 81.2% at the end of 15 years; 39.3, 58.4, 69.0% at the end of 20 years; and

33.8, 47.5, 59.5% at the end of 25 years, respectively. The rates were significantly different among the three HCV subgroups (P < 0.001) (Fig. 2). Especially, the rates in HCV-1b of Gln70(His70) were significantly lower than those in HCV-1b of Arg70 (P = 0.016) and HCV-2a/2b (P < 0.001), and the rates in HCV-1b of Arg70 were also significantly lower than those in HCV-2a/2b (P < 0.001). The data for

the whole population Fulvestrant price sample were analyzed to determine those factors that could predict hepatocarcinogenesis and survival for liver-related death. Univariate analysis identified eight parameters that significantly correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis. These included gender (male; P < 0.001), age (≥60 years; P < 0.001), total bilirubin (≥1.2 mg/dL; P < 0.001), AST (≥67 IU/L; P < 0.001), ALT (≥85 IU/L; P < 0.001), platelet count (<15.0 × 104/mm3; P < 0.001), albumin (<3.9 g/dL; P < 0.001), and lifetime cumulative alcohol intake (≥500 kg; P = 0.025). Furthermore, the rates in HCV-1b of Gln70(His70) were significantly higher than those in HCV-1b of Arg70 (P = 0.028) and HCV-2a/2b Y-27632 2HCl (P < 0.001). These factors were entered into multivariate analysis, which then identified six parameters that significantly influenced hepatocarcinogenesis independently: gender (male; HR 1.78, P < 0.001), age (≥60 years; HR 1.68, P < 0.001), albumin (<3.9 g/dL; HR 1.94, P < 0.001), platelet count (<15.0 × 104/mm3; HR 2.89, P < 0.001), AST (≥67 IU/L; HR 1.92, P < 0.001), and HCV subgroup (HCV-1b of Gln70(His70); HR 1.94, P = 0.001) (Table 2). Univariate analysis identified seven parameters that significantly correlated with survival for liver-related death. These included gender (male; P < 0.001), age (≥60 years; P < 0.001), total bilirubin (≥1.2 mg/dL; P < 0.001), AST (≥67 IU/L; P < 0.001), ALT (≥85 IU/L; P < 0.001), platelet count (<15.0 × 104/mm3; P < 0.

In comparison with WT grafts, KO grafts had significantly higher CD8+ T cell frequencies, whereas the percentages of CD4+ T cells were comparable for the groups. Accordingly, the absolute numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in KO grafts versus WT grafts (Fig. 3D). CD4+ T cells did not differ between WT and KO grafts. The frequencies and absolute numbers of other lymphoid cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, B cells, and DCs, were not significantly different between KO and WT grafts. To verify the host or graft click here origin of T cells that accumulated in KO grafts,

we next analyzed liver graft NPCs in KO or WT-to-B6.CD45.1 LT. Most of the CD8+ T cells in WT grafts were host-derived. KO grafts had more host CD8+ T cells than WT grafts did; however, significantly more donor phenotype CD8+ T cells were found. Because CD8+ cells have been shown to accumulate in the liver in naive B7-H1 KO mice,17 these results suggest that both graft and host cells are able to survive in the B7-H1–deficient liver environment during hepatic I/R injury (Fig. 4A). The frequency of donor-type CD4+ T cells

decreased after transplantation, and there was a concomitant increase in host CD4+ T cells in WT grafts. Graft and host NK cell frequencies did not differ Tigecycline purchase significantly between WT and KO grafts (Fig. 4A). B7-H1 can induce T cell apoptosis.17 We next explored the hypothesis that reduced apoptosis could be responsible for CD8+ these T cell accumulation in KO grafts. To address this hypothesis, we examined annexin V expression by liver CD4, CD8, and NK cells after KO or WT-to-B6.CD45.1 LT. Appreciable numbers of CD4, CD8, and NK cells were annexin V+

in normal livers. Annexin V expression by host CD45.1+ CD8 cells (but not by CD4 or NK cells) was reduced in KO liver grafts versus WT liver grafts. Annexin V expression by graft CD45.1− CD4, CD8, and NK cells did not differ between WT and KO grafts (Fig. 4B). In association with severe hepatic injury in B7-H1 KO grafts, mRNA levels for interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM) were significantly higher in KO grafts versus WT grafts 12 hours after LT. However, the levels of death-related molecules such as granzyme, perforin, and Fas ligand (FASL) were not significantly different between WT and KO grafts (Fig. 5). To determine the role of B7-H1 expression by hepatocytes and BMDCs in liver damage control after transplantation, we created BM radiation chimeras with B7-H1 KO or WT BM, and we generated liver grafts lacking B7-H1 exclusively in either parenchymal cells (WT/KO) or BMDCs (KO/WT). These chimeric liver grafts were then transplanted into WT recipients after 24 hours of cold storage. The replacement of BMDCs in the liver was confirmed in B6 radiation chimera with GFP BM cells.

Savarino et al. evaluated semi-quantitatively the light blue crest appearance typical of IM in comparison with histological

findings on 100 patients and obtained a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 96% [3]. The same technique was used for patients who received an eradication therapy. The surface maturation producing a “gastritis-like” appearance, even after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer (GC), may indicate a differentiated GC with low-grade atypia [4]. NBI-ME was also practical for prediction of H. pylori status after endoscopic resection for early GC with sensitivity of 79% and RXDX-106 specificity of 52%, but with a substantial interobserver agreement [5]. A characteristic of gastric MALT lymphoma is “a tree-like” appearance of the mucosa. This finding completely disappeared after H. pylori eradication [6]. The need for proper training in NBI was also emphasized. PF-02341066 mw A web-based video accessible through YouTube can be used. After 200 videos, sensitivity was good for IM but not for H. pylori gastritis [7]. It has been a number of years since recommendations for histological assessment of H. pylori gastritis and other gastric mucosa changes have been published (Sydney system, OLGA, OLGIM). It is now time to evaluate how they are applied in routine practice. In the US, Lash & Genta reviewed a large number of biopsy sets

(400,738) and found that 2 antral and 2 corpus biopsies in separate containers were available in only 3.9% of the cases. Compliance to the Sydney system Methane monooxygenase led to significantly greater diagnostic yields than single-site sets (14.8 vs 6%), while incisura angularis samples yielded minimal additional diagnostic information [8]. Other authors from Canada also indicated that of 10,268 biopsies, only one region was sampled in 60% of the patients, mainly in the antrum (47%). Moreover, 47% of the patients were taking PPI at endoscopy contributing to false negative results despite guidelines, for example those of the American

Gastroenterology Association [9]. The Gastrointestinal Pathology Society in the US suggests that only hematoxylin and eosin staining is done as a first step and that the use of ancillary stains is appropriate only when biopsies show chronic gastritis without detectable H. pylori in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections [10]. In Europe, Leja et al. compared the interobserver variation of 2 expert pathologists and a general pathologist in the assessment of gastric premalignant lesions in 121 patients. The agreement was substantially higher for IM than for atrophy, both in the antrum and corpus. The level of agreement for the general pathologist was especially low for atrophy [11]. In China, it was shown that immunohistochemical detection of H. pylori in patients with GC is a factor of poor prognosis, with the survival rate being decreased by more than 9 months, that is, 25% [12]. Bessa et al. tested H.

Spines are generally encased

in the pseudothumb. When the sheath was pulled down, the spine was released from the sheath and became visible in 44 out of 77 males and 4 out of 80 females (χ2 = 50.26, P < 0.001). The pseudothumbs of the males were sometimes wounded around the tip, seemingly injured when the spine emerged from the sheath (Fig. 3). No female had a wounded pseudothumb, and only the tip of the spine was ever visible out of the sheath, if it emerged at all. Scars were found in 29 out of 78 males and 31 out of 78 females. This difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.108, P > 0.05), but the males had more scars on the dorsal area while the females had more on their sides (Table 3). The scars on the males were mostly scratches and were more widespread than those of females, which mostly had stab wounds on their sides under NVP-LDE225 the arms (Fig. 4). Three females were captured soon after

they had laid eggs, and all had stab wounds on their sides where the amplexing male had embraced them with his arms. The breeding season of Otton frogs lasts for half a year, from April until October. Males remained near the breeding site for several months making calls to attract females. Up to 15 nests could be observed in one breeding site, but a decreased check details number of males were present each night. The number of females that came to the breeding site in one night was small, and often zero. However, on some nights during the peak of the breeding season (June–July), multiple females came to the site on the same Afatinib manufacturer night. Sixteen oviposition events were captured. While amplexing, males grabbed the base of the female’s

arms using their third and fourth fingers and placed their other fingers (including the pseudothumb) on the female’s sides under the arms (Fig. 5). One pair was captured just after egg-laying; the two frogs were in an amplexing position when captured. When the pair was pulled apart, the spine on the male was found to have been jabbed into the side of the female (Fig. 6). Females did not show any use of the pseudothumbs during oviposition. Predation behavior was captured in five scenes in which males jumped toward something moving and swallowed it. In one scene, the prey was an amplexing pair of the small frog Buergeria japonica, and in the other, it was a giant house centipede Thereuopoda clunifera. The Otton frogs did not use their pseudothumbs during any of the predation events. Male–male combat was observed twice. The first observation was made on the night of 27 June 2010 at a breeding site. The area consisted of a 5 × 5-m artificial concrete barrage built next to a forest road. There were two separate pools inside the barrage (2 × 2 m and 1 × 1 m). The author first visited the site at 20:45 h, when there were five adult Otton frogs (three males, two unidentified). One of the three males had scars on his back.

Spines are generally encased

in the pseudothumb. When the sheath was pulled down, the spine was released from the sheath and became visible in 44 out of 77 males and 4 out of 80 females (χ2 = 50.26, P < 0.001). The pseudothumbs of the males were sometimes wounded around the tip, seemingly injured when the spine emerged from the sheath (Fig. 3). No female had a wounded pseudothumb, and only the tip of the spine was ever visible out of the sheath, if it emerged at all. Scars were found in 29 out of 78 males and 31 out of 78 females. This difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.108, P > 0.05), but the males had more scars on the dorsal area while the females had more on their sides (Table 3). The scars on the males were mostly scratches and were more widespread than those of females, which mostly had stab wounds on their sides under RO4929097 nmr the arms (Fig. 4). Three females were captured soon after

they had laid eggs, and all had stab wounds on their sides where the amplexing male had embraced them with his arms. The breeding season of Otton frogs lasts for half a year, from April until October. Males remained near the breeding site for several months making calls to attract females. Up to 15 nests could be observed in one breeding site, but a decreased Selleck Nutlin-3 number of males were present each night. The number of females that came to the breeding site in one night was small, and often zero. However, on some nights during the peak of the breeding season (June–July), multiple females came to the site on the same Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 night. Sixteen oviposition events were captured. While amplexing, males grabbed the base of the female’s

arms using their third and fourth fingers and placed their other fingers (including the pseudothumb) on the female’s sides under the arms (Fig. 5). One pair was captured just after egg-laying; the two frogs were in an amplexing position when captured. When the pair was pulled apart, the spine on the male was found to have been jabbed into the side of the female (Fig. 6). Females did not show any use of the pseudothumbs during oviposition. Predation behavior was captured in five scenes in which males jumped toward something moving and swallowed it. In one scene, the prey was an amplexing pair of the small frog Buergeria japonica, and in the other, it was a giant house centipede Thereuopoda clunifera. The Otton frogs did not use their pseudothumbs during any of the predation events. Male–male combat was observed twice. The first observation was made on the night of 27 June 2010 at a breeding site. The area consisted of a 5 × 5-m artificial concrete barrage built next to a forest road. There were two separate pools inside the barrage (2 × 2 m and 1 × 1 m). The author first visited the site at 20:45 h, when there were five adult Otton frogs (three males, two unidentified). One of the three males had scars on his back.

e., decrease or increase of treatment duration), controlled trials produce contradictory results. Initial studies showed that the increase in treatment duration in slow responders helped increase the probability of SVR,7, 8 but two larger scale studies published Ibrutinib recently9, 10 were negative and controversial. In G2/G3 rapid responders, the trials were also contradictory. The largest trial (ACCELARATE study11)

recommended maintaining treatment for a 24-week period, whereas all other trials suggested that treatment duration could be reduced, particularly in G2 patients or in G3 patients when the initial viral load was low.12-17 In G1 rapid responders, it was reported that treatment duration could be reduced to 24 weeks in the event of low baseline viral load, without apparent controversy.18-22 Nonetheless, because few patients were included in the randomized trials, which focused on this comparison, the conclusion of nonsignificant difference in SVR rate between MAPK Inhibitor Library purchase the short arm and the standard duration arm remains questionable. Therefore, the most effective method of administering peg-IFN and ribavirin therapy still remains unknown. This issue must be resolved to specify the therapeutic gain expected with future therapeutic regimens, because the concept of response-guided therapy will probably apply

with the new antiviral agents. We thus decided to explore these controversial issues by a systematic review with meta-analyses, evaluating as thoroughly as possible the effects of modulating the duration of peg-IFN plus ribavirin therapy on SVR and relapse rates in G2 and G3 rapid responders, G1 rapid responders, and G1 slow responders. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; cEVR, complete early virologic response; acetylcholine G1, genotype 1; G2/G3, genotype 2 and 3; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IFN, Interferon; IL-28B, interleukin-28B; ITT, intention-to-treat method LVL, low viral load; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; peg-IFN, pegylated interferon; P/R, peg-interferon plus ribavirin;

RCTs, randomized, controlled clinical trials; RVR, rapid virologic response; SRs, slow responders; SVR, sustained virologic response. Meta-analyses were conducted according to a predetermined protocol, following the recommendations of Sacks et al.23 The primary end-point was to identify effects of different durations of peg-IFN plus ribavirin combination therapy on SVR. Secondary end-points were relapse rate (as defined by percentage of patients with detectable HCV viral load within 6 months of the end of treatment) and safety, as assessed by percentage of treatment discontinuations resulting from adverse events. Studies were retrieved using MEDLINE, the Cochrane library database, and manual searches. The key words, “chronic hepatitis C,” “pegylated interferon,” and “peg-interferon,” were used as free text words and/or combined with “randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs)” and “clinical trials.

“
“This study investigates the effects of the construction and operation of a large Danish offshore wind

farm on harbor Dabrafenib clinical trial and gray seal haul-out behavior within a nearby (4 km) seal sanctuary. Time-lapse photography, visual monitoring, and aerial surveys were used to monitor the number of seals on land in daylight hours. Seals were monitored during two preconstruction periods (19 June–31 August 2001 and April–August 2002), a construction period of the wind farm (August 2002–December 2003), and a period of operation of the wind farm (December 2003–December 2004). Monthly aerial surveys were conducted to estimate the proportion of seals in the sanctuary relative to neighboring haul-out sites. From preconstruction to construction and through the first year of operation the number of harbor seals in the sanctuary increased at the same rate as the number of seals at the neighboring haul-out sites. No long-term effects on haul-out behavior were found due SAR245409 to construction and operation of the wind farm. However, a significant short-term decrease was seen in the number of seals present on land during sheet pile driving in or near the wind farm. Acoustic deterrents were utilized simultaneously to avoid hearing damage. “
“Unlike other mammals, odontocetes and mysticetes have highly derived craniofacial bones. A growth process referred to as “telescoping” is partly responsible for this morphology. Here, we explore how changes in facial morphology during fetal

growth relate to differences in telescoping between the adult odontocete Stenella attenuata and the mysticete Balaena mysticetus. We conclude that in both Stenella and Balaena head size increases allometrically. Similarly, odontocete nasal length and mysticete mouth size have strong positive allometry compared to total body length. However, the differences between odontocetes and mysticetes in telescoping are not directly associated with their fetal growth patterns.

Our results suggest that cranial changes related Pregnenolone to echolocation and feeding between odontocetes and mysticetes, respectively, begin during ontogeny before telescoping is initiated. “
“Eastern Pacific gray whales were monitored off Ensenada, Mexico, during the southbound migration. The objectives were to determine southbound migration timing and width of the migration corridor during three seasons (2003–2006). Migration timing was determined by fitting a generalized additive model to the shore counts for each season and estimating the 10, 50, and 90 percentiles of the fitted curves. To estimate abundance from shore-based counts, a probability density function for the shore based distances was estimated by a product of a gamma distribution fit to the boat survey distance data for 2006/2007 and a half-normal detection function using combined data of the three seasons. The parameters of the gamma distribution were corrected to account for less boat survey effort carried out 20–40 km than 0–20 km from shore.

t. sassaricus consistently suffered the highest loss rates and B. t. canariensis suffered the lowest (with the German B. t. terrestris at intermediate levels). However, inspection of the banding patterns (Fig. 1) of these three populations shows the highest number of contrasting boundaries in B. t. terrestris, and the lowest in

B. t. canariensis, with B. t. sassaricus being intermediate, and thus not matching the rank order of loss rates by a conspicuousness ranking. Other reasons for the absence of an effect of local predator familiarity on differences in mortality between the tested bee populations could be that different causes of mortality, that is ones unrelated to visual appearance selleck chemical of the bumblebees, might be more significant at these study sites. Crab spiders, waiting on a flower to ambush foraging bees (Chittka, 2001), or robberflies (Goulson, 2003) are unlikely to distinguish potential prey items based on differences in their coloration. Other natural enemies such as parasitoid conopid flies could also infect bees outside the nest, modifying their subsequent find more post-infection behaviour (Müller & Schmid-Hempel, 1993; Müller,

1994), ultimately affecting predation and other risk factors. There remains the question of what causes the apparent similarity in appearance between bumblebee species (Plowright & Owen, 1980; Williams, 2007) and local populations of distinct species (Rasmont et al., 2008) in several locations. In our view, the hypothesis of mimicry rings remains plausible, but it is also clear from our data that factors other than similarity with locally common species can substantially overshadow any effects that would be in line with the mimicry hypothesis. Perhaps avian predator pressure (and the resulting selection on bee similarity) is only strong in some years but not others, or it acts more on gynes than on workers, but aminophylline our data clearly defy a

simple explanation of the local convergence of bumblebee colour patterns. The authors wish to thank James Mallet and Francis Gilbert for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and to Nathan Hart for providing the spectral sensitivity curves for C. caeruleus. Support came from a combined grant from the Wellcome Trust, BBSRC and EPSRC (BB/F52765X/1) and from the German Research Foundation (Ch147/3-1). “
“The diet of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus was studied by examination of material collected from the cheek pouches of animals captured while foraging in streams in Kangaroo Valley, NSW, Australia. Platypuses consumed benthic invertebrates from 55 families in 16 orders, with virtually no prey being derived from the terrestrial environment. We also sampled invertebrates in pool, riffle and stream edge habitats to identify where prey were obtained.

Endoscopic mucosal resection should be wide used. EMR can find more granuloma than biopsies. Key Word(s): 1. Crohn Disease; 2. Endoscopic diagnosis; 3. mucosal; Presenting Author: XIJUN GUO Additional Authors: ZHONGXU FENG, YING SUN, SU YANG, YANQIU LIU, YOUJIA LV, XIHUA GUO Corresponding Author: XIJUN GUO Affiliations: Center Hospital of Jilin City; China Objective: To evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of endoscopic therapy in treatment of cirrhotic patients with gastroesphageal variceal bleeding. Methods: Review and analyze clinical data of 923 cirrhotic selleck compound patients with gastroesphageal variceal bleeding after endoscopic therapy from

January 1993 to December 2012. Results: 923 cirrhotic patients diagnosed by endoscopy for gastroesphageal variceal bleeding (710 males, 213 females, age 26–78 years old), treated with endoscopic therapy (891 used endoscopic variceal ligation, 32 used endoscopic histoacryl injection). 879 patients were to stop bleeding (the hemostatic success rate of 95.23%). Conclusion: Endoscopic therapy is an effective method in treatment of gastroesphageal variceal bleeding. Emergency endoscopy and endoscopic therapy, timely and clear the location and cause of bleeding in patients, and effective treatment to stop bleeding, reduce patient mortality and improve the prognosis. Key Word(s): 1. Hemorrage;

2. endoscopy; 3. Variceal; Presenting Author: DERVISJOSE BANDRES Additional Authors: JULIA selleck chemicals LIPPOLIS, MARIAVERONICA BANDRES, MITSUKO NISHIMURA, MARIELAURE

GARCIA, OLAYA BREWER, SANDRA ROMERO Corresponding Author: DERVISJOSE BANDRES Affiliations: Centro medico docente la trinidad; none Objective: Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) plays a major role in staging ampulla of Vater neoplasia, however most research has been carried out using radial EUS. Aim: To determine the feasibility, sensitivity, and accuracy of curvilinear endoscopic ultrasound (c-EUS) about when staging ampulla of Vater neoplasm. Methods: a retrospective, descriptive review of our database between the years of 2001–2010 was performed; 101 patients with suspected ampullary neoplasia underwent c- EUS and their TNM staging results were compared with anatomopathological findings. Pentax ® curvilinear echoendoscopes (FG32UA/EG-3830UT) were used on a Hitachi ® ultrasound processor (405 Plus/EUB 525), frequency of 7.5–10 MHz. Results: 21 Out of the 101 patients with c-EUS staging and confirmed histopathological diagnosis of ampulla of Vater neoplasia, obtained by surgery or endoscopic ampullectomy were analized, 11 males and 10 females with ages between 52–75; X: 63 years. The diagnostic accuracy for T staging was 15/21 patients (71.43%); five were over-staged and one was understaged, its sensitivity and PPV were 93,75 and 75% respectively. T1 staging was accurate in 100% of cases, T2 in 62.5% and 50% in T3. N staging was correct in 71.