Their purified B cells, however, responded normally to a polyclonal stimulation and did not have cytokine polarization. This phenotype was associated with the following AZD1080 specific characteristics which include an inhibitory signal (decreased Fc gamma RIIA/Fc gamma RIIB ratio); a preventive signal of hyperactive B-cell response (an increase in BANK1, which negatively modulates CD40-mediated AKT activation); an increased number of B cells expressing CD1d
and CD5; an increased BAFF-R/BAFF ratio that could explain why these patients have more peripheral B cells; and a specific autoantibody profile. Thus, our findings show that patients with DF have a particular blood B-cell phenotype that may contribute to the maintenance of long-term graft function. Kidney International (2010) 78, 503-513; doi:10.1038/ki.2010.162; published online 9 June 2010″
“Erythropoietin (EPO), a well known haematopoietic growth factor, possesses neuroprotective and
neurotrophic effects which have been recently reported to improve cognition and to modulate emotional processing. We investigated the effects of EPO and of its non-erythropoietic carbamylated derivative (CEPO) on memory- and emotion-related behaviour in the adult mouse. Locomotor activity, memory performances (place and object recognition tasks), anxiety- (light/dark transition test) and despair-like behaviours (tail suspension test) were assessed over 6 weeks of repeated Adriamycin EPO or CEPO administration (40 mu g/kg, twice a week). Given the potential involvement of hippocampal neurogenesis Electron transport chain in memory, we also assessed the effects of EPO and CEPO on neurogenesis
in the dentate gyrus. Both treatments improved spatial and non-spatial recognition memory and increased the number of NeuN/BrdU double-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus. These effects seem to be, at least partly, independent from an haematopoietic action since administration of CEPO leads to the similar results. Moreover, CEPO decreased, albeit modestly, despair-related behaviour and tended to decrease anxiety-like behaviour. These results suggest that CEPO is as an attractive molecule for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases associating memory and/or emotional disorders. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Recent studies indicate that the Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here we analyzed the degree of expression and localization of Notch ligands (Jagged1 and Delta1) and activated (cleaved) receptors (Notch1 and Notch2) in healthy human kidneys and in renal biopsies from a wide variety of kidney diseases.