We confirmed that the enzymatic activities of the BFK20 endolysin catalytic domain and cell wall binding domain are independent, and we have shown furthermore that the truncated endolysin of BFK20 has higher lytic activity than the entire protein. We have also shown that although this endolysin has the highest binding specificity to the host B. flavum CCM 251, it does not show the most efficient lytic activity on this host. Our results suggest that the two domains interact Thiazovivin supplier with each other before the interaction of the binding domain with its substrate in the bacterial cell wall. The BFK20 catalytic domain activity is clearly inhibited by the presence of the cell wall binding domain.

Structural studies of BFK20 and other endolysins are needed to determine whether this feature is common among endolysins. This work was supported by VEGA grant 2/0110/11 from the Slovak Academy of Sciences

and by the APVV-0354-07 grant from the Slovak Research and Development Agency. We thank M. Gabrisko (IMB SAS) for sequence alignment and Dr E. Kutejova (IMB SAS) for performing FPLC. The authors also thank Dr V. Kery (Agensys Inc., CA) and Dr J. Bauer (IMB SAS) for critical reading of the manuscript. “
“Bile salts such as cholate are steroid compounds occurring ubiquitously in the environment through excretion by animals. Cholate degradation see more by Pseudomonas sp. strain Chol1 is initiated by A-ring Phospholipase D1 oxidation and β-oxidation of the acyl side chain. A transposon

mutant of strain Chol1 was isolated that could not grow with cholate, but transformed it into several steroid compounds accumulating in culture supernatants. The main product was identified as (22E)-7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxochola-1,4,22-triene-24-oate (DHOCTO). A further compound was identified as 7α,12α,22-trihydroxy-3-oxochola-1,4-diene-24-oate (THOCDO). The structures of DHOCTO and THOCDO indicate that they are intermediates of the β-oxidation of the acyl side chain. The interrupted gene was named skt and had similarities to the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase domain of the eukaryotic sterol carrier protein SCP-x. An skt mutant grew with intermediates of cholate degradation, from which the acyl side chain had been partly or completely removed. Growth with cholate was restored by an intact skt copy on a plasmid. These results strongly suggest that skt encodes a β-ketothiolase responsible for the cleavage of acetyl-CoA from the acyl side chain of cholate. Sequence comparisons revealed that other steroid-degrading bacteria such as Comamonas testosteroni contain genes encoding proteins very similar to Skt, suggesting a widespread role of this enzyme in bacterial steroid degradation. Steroids are ubiquitous natural compounds with diverse functions for eukaryotic organisms. They act as membrane constituents (e.g. cholesterol, sitosterol, ergosterol) and as hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol, ecdyson). Bile salts (e.g.