We applied gain- and loss-of-function strategies to delineate the functional roles of miR-106b in MB. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm target gene of miR-106b. Expression of miR-106b was overexpressed in MB, and was significantly associated with its host gene MCM7 (p=0.020). Transfection
of miR-106b inhibitor in MB cell lines markedly reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion potential, and tumor sphere formation. Cell cycle analysis indicated that miR-106b inhibition induced G1 arrest and apoptosis. The cell cycle regulators, p21 and cyclin D1, and apoptotic marker cleaved PARP were differentially expressed in miR-106b inhibitor-transfected cells. PTEN was identified as a direct target gene of miR-106b. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed miR-106b directly interacted with the 3′UTR of PTEN. We found miR-106b directly targeted PTEN at transcriptional and translational levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed a trend between MAPK Inhibitor Library cell assay PTEN and miR-106b in MB tumors (p=0.07). These data suggested the upregulation of miR-106b in MB and the involvement Sirolimus supplier of miR-106b in MB biology. “
“Marinesco bodies (MBs) are spherical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Previous immunohistochemical
studies have shown that MBs are positive for ubiquitin, p62 and SUMO-1, suggesting the involvement of ubiquitination and related proteins in the formation or disaggregation of MBs. However, the involvement is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, we immunohistochemically examined the midbrain from five control subjects ranged from 53 to 84 years old. MBs were positive for various proteins implicated in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (ubiquitin, p62, EDD1, NEDD8, NUB1, SUMO-1 and SUMO-2), aggresome formation (HDAC6)
and autophagy (ubiquitin, p62, LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16). These findings suggest that proteins related to ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation Cepharanthine and autophagy are involved in the formation or disaggregation of MBs. “
“J. A. R. Nicoll, G. M. Savva, J. Stewart, F. E. Matthews, C. Brayne and P. Ince (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 285–294 Association between APOE genotype, neuropathology and dementia in the older population of England and Wales Aims: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but it is unclear how this is mediated. Most studies of APOE genotype have used case–control design to compare groups differing by two variables: i.e. dementia and AD pathology, so it is unclear to which of these variables APOE genotype is more strongly related. The prospective Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort is population-based sample in which donations are unbiased by dementia status. Methods: We investigated the association between APOE genotypes and neuropathological and cognitive data in this cohort (n = 310).