The resultant biofilms were shown to have equivalent Ibrutinib solubility dmso biomass to those formed on

polystyrene microtiter plates (results not shown). Therefore, for simplicity and the potential to investigate the large quantity of permutations required within this study, the 96-well microtiter plate high throughput model was used. The ability to remove C. albicans biofilm from the substrate was investigated following treatment with each of the four denture cleansers, either as recommended by the manufacturer or following overnight incubation (Fig 1). Overall, the most effective product tested was Dentural, which reduced the biomass by greater than 90% after 20 minutes and 18 hours immersion, with no significant differences observed between AZD8055 them. This exhibited significantly improved biomass removal capacity than did the other three products when used as per the manufacturer’s instructions (p < 0.001). Steradent Active Plus showed a significant difference between recommended and overnight immersion, with improved biofilm removal at 10 minutes (84%) compared to overnight (76%) (p < 0.001). Medical™ Interporous® produced a mean reduction of 80% and 75% after 15 minutes and 18 hours

immersion, respectively, and was more significantly active than Steradent Active Plus at either time point. Boots Smile was the poorest denture cleanser overall, with a mean reduction of 73% at both 15 minutes and 18 hours following immersion, which appeared to have decreased biofilm removal activity at 15 minutes in comparison to Medical™ Interporous® (p < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant after a Bonferroni correction was applied. In comparison to Steradent Active Plus and Dentural, Boots Smile had significantly decreased biofilm removal activity at 15 minutes (p < 0.001), but was significantly different only from Dentural following overnight immersion (p < 0.001). Metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms was also determined following treatment MCE with each of the four denture cleansers, either as recommended by the manufacturer

or following overnight incubation (Fig 2). No significant differences in reduction of biofilm activity were observed between Medical™ Interporous® (86%), Steradent Active Plus (83%), and Dentural (86%); however, Boots Smile was significantly less effective (66%) (p < 0.0001). Following overnight immersion, all four cleansers showed no significant difference from one another, demonstrating metabolic reductions in the range of 85 to 87%. Boots Smile (p < 0.001) was significantly more effective at reducing the metabolism following an 18-hour immersion compared to disinfection times recommended by the manufacturer. The biofilms were also examined on three clinically relevant denture base acrylics treated with Dentural, the most effective denture-cleansing agent.