The proposed revisions to the CM diagnostic criteria are shown in Table 6. With these revisions, the ICHD-3β criteria constitute operational diagnostic

criteria that represent the clinical phenotype of most primary CDH patients. With the proposed revisions, the ICHD-3β criteria should facilitate large-scale, international epidemiological, genetic, and treatment studies on each subtype, while maintaining the clinical and biological homogeneity of this patient population. Headache (tension-type-like and/or migraine-like) on ≥15 days per month for at least 3 months† On ≥8 days per month on average ≥4 hours/day for at least 3 months 1 or more of the following criteria were fulfilled‡ Criteria C and D for 1.1 migraine without aura Criteria B and C for 1.2 migraine with aura FG-4592 datasheet Criteria A and

B for 1.5 probable migraine Not better accounted EPZ-6438 datasheet for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis Does not meet criteria for new daily persistent headache (4.7) or hemicrania continua (4.8) Subtypes Medication overuse† ○  Without medication overuse Pattern of headache(s)§ ○  Pain free periods (subtype A 1.3.1) The authors acknowledge Jane Saiers, PhD (The WriteMedicine, Inc.) for editorial assistance with this paper. “
“Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache characterized by strictly sleep-related headache attacks. This paper reviews the pertinent literature on HH. Disease information is mainly based on case reports and small case series (around 250 cases) published since its first description in 1988 by Raskin. HH usually starts over the age of 50. Frequency of patients with HH among patients consulting tertiary headache care centers is estimated from 0.07% to 0.35%, but exact prevalence of HH is unknown. Diagnostic criteria were recently updated by the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders beta version (ICHD-3). Recent data suggest a possible hypothalamic involvement. Development of clinical research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of HH and to optimize treatment. Evidence for treatment

data are missing, so treatment recommendations are based only on case reports or smaller open case series and reflect clinical experience. Caffeine can be used first line for acute treatment. Lithium and caffeine are possibly effective in IMP dehydrogenase prevention. “
“Chronic migraine (CM) is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder. Few prophylactic treatments for CM have been investigated. OnabotulinumtoxinA, which inhibits the release of nociceptive mediators, such as glutamate, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, has been evaluated in randomized, placebo-controlled studies for the preventive treatment of a variety of headache disorders, including CM. These studies have yielded insight into appropriate patient selection, injection sites, dosages, and technique.