The concentration of TNF in BAL was determined at 72 pg ml 11 pg ml under baseline conditions in the NaCl group, comparable levels were detected in animals receiving the different lipid emulsions. For all treatment groups, we could measure a significant increase of Rucaparib clinical trial TNF concentrations 4 h after ARDS induction, followed by a steady decrease at 24 h and 48 h after LPS stimulation. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries After 24 h of injury, mice receiving LCT MCT FO showed significantly reduced TNF levels as compared to NaCl and LCT. Furthermore at 48 h after ARDS induction, highest TNF concentrations at that time point were found in the NaCl group. Similar kinetics was determined for MIP 2 levels in BAL. Starting with comparable basal concentrations in all groups, a peak was reached 4 h after LPS application, followed by a steady decline to baseline concentrations after 24 h and 48 h.

Interestingly, under basal conditions, LCT and LCT MCT displayed significantly elevated MIP 2 levels compared to NaCl. Highest MIP 2 values were measured Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries after 4 h in all groups. In line with previous results, animals infused with LCT MCT FO displayed lowest MIP 2 levels 24 h after induction of ARDS compared to the other groups. After 48 h, highest MIP 2 concentrations were detectable for NaCl in comparison to LCT and LCT MCT FO. Under baseline conditions thromboxane B2 concentration in BAL fluid was 31 5 pg ml without significant difference irrespective of the infused lipid emulsions. Similar results could be observed 4 h after LPS stimulation. A significant increase of TxB2 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries in the NaCl group was only observed after 24 h compared Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries to baseline.

24 h and 48 h after induction of ARDS, TxB2 was rising significantly in the LCT and LCT MCT group compared to baseline conditions. After 24 h we could Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries detect significantly reduced TxB2 levels in the LCT MCT FO group as compared to LCT and LCT MCT. After 48 h highest TxB2 concentrations were measured in animals receiving LCT MCT in comparison to selleck chemicals Tubacin NaCl and LCT MCT FO. Prostaglandin E2 was displaying comparable concentrations 0 h and 4 h after induction of ARDS with comparable levels in all group. PGE2 values after 24 h and 48 h were significantly elevated in all treatment groups compared to 0 h and 4 h. Mice treated with LCT MCT FO showed a significantly reduced PGE2 concentration 48 h after induction of ARDS as compared to NaCl and LCT. Analysis of fatty acids in plasma In order to study the effect of the different lipid emulsions under conditions of ARDS on the composition of plasma free fatty acids, plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and oleic acid were determined by gas chromatography.