Nucleosides/nucleotides are transported by one channel, one secondary carrier, and two primary active transporters. Transporters for drugs, toxins and other hydrophobic substances are selleck compound primarily secondary carriers. Systems capable of exporting multiple drugs (9.6% — 34 total) are almost exclusively secondary carriers (32 proteins). No Mxa transporter specific for pigments was identified, but transporters specific for toxins and other hydrophobic substances proved also to be secondary carriers. Macromolecular exporters transporting complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were identified. Of the carbohydrate transporters, two are primary active transporters and nine are secondary

carriers. Almost all protein exporters are primary carriers. A total of 17 systems (4.8%) were found to transport lipids, mostly by primary carriers, although a few secondary carriers and potential learn more group translocators were also identified. The expanded diversity of protein transport systems is probably a reflection of the tracking and microbial killing mechanisms used by Mxa, which secretes hydrolytic enzymes and secondary

metabolites with antimicrobial activities [35]. Topological analyses of Mxa transporters We analyzed the predicted topologies of all retrieved Mxa transport proteins (Figure 6a). For the most part, proteins with even numbers of TMSs outnumber proteins with odd numbers of TMSs, with notable discrepancies in channel proteins (Subclasses 1.A and 1.B) this website Metalloexopeptidase and active transporters. Single TMS primary active transport proteins are mostly ABC extracytoplasmic solute receptors with one N-terminal signal TMS, while the high number of 3 TMS proteins in 1.B is due to eight members of the Mot-Exb Superfamily, involved in motility as well as outer membrane transport. Among transporters with even numbered TMSs, 6 and 12 TMS proteins are most numerous, encompassing members of the ABC Superfamily and the MFS, respectively. Figure 6 Myxococcus xanthus transport protein topologies. Transport protein topologies for all a) proteins, b) channels, c) secondary carriers, and

d) primary active transporters in Myxococcus xanthus. Identification of distant transport proteins in Mxa To identify distant transport protein homologues in Mxa, the same procedure was used as for Sco. In Mxa, over 130 sequences were retrieved with values between 0.001 and 0.1. Similarly to Sco, most proved to be false positives with only 8 proving to be true homologues of existing TC entries; all 8 have been entered into TCDB (see Table 6). Table 6 Distant Mxa transport proteins Assigned TC # UniProt acc # Size (# aas) # TMSs Family assignment 2.A.1.15.16 Q1DA07 731 13 MFS Superfamily 2.A.7.31.1 Q1DCP3 290 10 DMT Superfamily 2.A.37.6.1 Q1D5P4 432 14 CPA2 Family 2.A.66.12.1 Q1D7B4 506 14 MOP Superfamily 3.A.1.144.3 Q1D0V1 266 6 ABC Superfamily 3.A.1.145.1 Q1D520 1200 13 ABC Superfamily 9.B.139.2.