Formic acid (0.1% v/v) in an aqueous solution, supplemented by 5 mmol/L ammonium formate, and acetonitrile (0.1% v/v) formic acid, created the mobile phase. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive and negative modes ionized the analytes, which were then detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Utilizing the external standard technique, the target compounds were quantified. The method displayed commendable linearity under optimal conditions in the range of 0.24 to 8.406 grams per liter, accompanied by correlation coefficients surpassing 0.995. Plasma sample quantification limits (LOQs) were observed to be 168-1204 ng/mL, whereas urine samples had LOQs of 480-344 ng/mL. The average recovery of all compounds exhibited a broad spectrum, from 704% to 1234%, at spiked concentrations of one, two, and ten times the lower limit of quantification (LOQ). Furthermore, intra-day precision spanned from 23% to 191%, and inter-day precision from 50% to 160%. selleck The plasma and urine of mice, intraperitoneally administered with 14 shellfish toxins, were examined for the target compounds, leveraging the established methodology. All 14 toxins were identified in the 20 urine and 20 plasma samples, exhibiting concentrations of 1940-5560 g/L and 875-1386 g/L, respectively, across the samples. This method is characterized by its simplicity, high sensitivity, and minimal sample requirements. Hence, this technique is ideally suited for the quick detection of paralytic shellfish toxins in both plasma and urine.

A novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the quantification of 15 carbonyl compounds, including formaldehyde (FOR), acetaldehyde (ACETA), acrolein (ACR), acetone (ACETO), propionaldehyde (PRO), crotonaldehyde (CRO), butyraldehyde (BUT), benzaldehyde (BEN), isovaleraldehyde (ISO), n-valeraldehyde (VAL), o-methylbenzaldehyde (o-TOL), m-methylbenzaldehyde (m-TOL), p-methylbenzaldehyde (p-TOL), n-hexanal (HEX), and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (DIM), in soil samples. Soil samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetonitrile, and the extracted material was further processed with 24-dinitrophenylhydrazine (24-DNPH) to generate stable hydrazone compounds. Employing an SPE cartridge (Welchrom BRP), packed with a blend of N-vinylpyrrolidone and divinylbenzene copolymer, the derivatized solutions underwent a cleaning process. An Ultimate XB-C18 column (250 mm x 46 mm, 5 m) was used to perform the separation, utilizing a mobile phase of 65% acetonitrile and 35% water (v/v) for isocratic elution, followed by detection at a wavelength of 360 nm. Using an external standard approach, the 15 carbonyl compounds found in the soil were subsequently quantified. The environmental standard HJ 997-2018's soil and sediment carbonyl compound determination method, using high-performance liquid chromatography, is enhanced by the presented method for sample preparation. The optimal conditions for soil extraction, as determined by a series of experiments, involved using acetonitrile as the solvent, maintaining a 30-degree Celsius temperature, and employing a 10-minute extraction time. The purification efficacy of the BRP cartridge, as evidenced by the results, substantially exceeded that of the silica-based C18 cartridge. The fifteen carbonyl compounds' linearity was impressive, every correlation coefficient surpassing 0.996. selleck Recoveries, from 846% to 1159%, varied significantly, while the relative standard deviations (RSDs) fluctuated from 0.2% to 5.1%, and the detection limits spanned 0.002 mg/L to 0.006 mg/L. Quantitative analysis of the 15 carbonyl compounds, specified in HJ 997-2018, in soil samples is made precise and practical using this straightforward, sensitive, and appropriate method. Consequently, the refined technique offers dependable technical support for investigating the lingering state and environmental interactions of carbonyl compounds inside the soil.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) yields a kidney-shaped fruit that is of a red color. Among the remedies favored in traditional Chinese medicine is Baill, classified within the Schisandraceae family. selleck In the realm of English plant names, the Chinese magnolia vine stands out. This treatment has found widespread use in Asian medicine since ancient times, addressing a broad spectrum of ailments, including chronic coughs and shortness of breath, frequent urination, diarrhea, and diabetes. The presence of a wide range of bioactive compounds, including lignans, essential oils, triterpenoids, organic acids, polysaccharides, and sterols, accounts for this. These constituents can, in some circumstances, affect the plant's pharmacological efficiency. Lignans, specifically those with a dibenzocyclooctadiene-type structure, are the principal constituents and active compounds found in abundance within Schisandra chinensis. Because the composition of Schisandra chinensis is intricate, the outcome of lignan extraction is often characterised by lower yields. Consequently, meticulous examination of pretreatment techniques in sample preparation is crucial for ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. A meticulous approach, matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction (MSPD), involves the stages of destruction, extraction, fractionation, and the subsequent purification of the sample. A minimal sample and solvent requirement defines the straightforward MSPD method, which bypasses the need for specialized instruments or equipment, rendering it applicable for the preparation of liquid, viscous, semi-solid, and solid samples. This research established a technique using matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (MSPD-HPLC) for the simultaneous measurement of five lignans, namely schisandrol A, schisandrol B, deoxyschizandrin, schizandrin B, and schizandrin C, present in Schisandra chinensis. Employing a gradient elution technique, the target compounds were separated on a C18 column, using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. Detection was accomplished at a wavelength of 250 nm. A study was conducted to assess the performance of 12 adsorbents, encompassing silica gel, acidic alumina, neutral alumina, alkaline alumina, Florisil, Diol, XAmide, Xion, and the inverse adsorbents C18, C18-ME, C18-G1, and C18-HC, in optimizing the extraction yield of lignans. Secondly, the influence of adsorbent mass, eluent type, and eluent volume on lignan extraction yields was examined. Schisandra chinensis lignan analysis via MSPD-HPLC employed Xion as the adsorbent. Optimization of extraction parameters for lignans from Schisandra chinensis powder (0.25 g) demonstrated the effectiveness of the MSPD method, using Xion (0.75 g) as the adsorbent and methanol (15 mL) as the elution solvent. Analytical methods for five lignans in Schisandra chinensis were developed, demonstrating highly linear relationships (correlation coefficients (R²) approaching 1.0000 for each individual analyte). Detection limits spanned 0.00089 to 0.00294 g/mL, while quantification limits fell between 0.00267 and 0.00882 g/mL. Analysis involved lignans at varying levels, including low, medium, and high. The average recovery rate was found to be between 922% and 1112%, and the relative standard deviations were situated between 0.23% and 3.54%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions, respectively, each measured less than 36%. MSPD's combined extraction and purification process surpasses the efficiency of hot reflux extraction and ultrasonic extraction methods, enabling faster processing with less solvent consumption. The optimized method was successfully deployed to analyze five lignans in Schisandra chinensis specimens from seventeen cultivation regions.

New prohibited ingredients are increasingly present as illicit additions within the cosmetic industry. A novel glucocorticoid, clobetasol acetate, is not included in the existing national guidelines; it is a chemical counterpart to clobetasol propionate. In cosmetic products, a novel method was developed, using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), to determine the presence and concentration of clobetasol acetate, a novel glucocorticoid (GC). Creams, gels, clay masks, face masks, and lotions constituted five common cosmetic matrices suitable for the new method. We compared four pretreatment procedures: direct extraction using acetonitrile, PRiME pass-through column purification, solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification, and QuEChERS purification. Moreover, an inquiry was conducted into the effects of different extraction efficiencies of the target compound, specifically examining the range of solvents and the time required for extraction. Parameters such as ion mode, cone voltage, and collision energy of ion pairs in the target compound were optimized using MS. The target compound's chromatographic separation conditions and response intensities, across various mobile phases, were subject to comparison. Direct extraction, as determined by experimental outcomes, emerged as the optimal approach. This method involved vortexing the samples with acetonitrile, performing ultrasonic extraction for more than 30 minutes, filtering the samples using a 0.22 µm organic Millipore filter, and concluding with UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Gradient elution, using water and acetonitrile as the mobile phases, allowed for the separation of concentrated extracts on a Waters CORTECS C18 column (150 mm × 21 mm, 27 µm). Employing electrospray ionization (ESI+) and positive ion scanning, the target compound was identified via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. By means of a matrix-matched standard curve, the quantitative analysis was conducted. Favorable conditions resulted in the target compound exhibiting good linearity in the concentration range spanning from 0.09 to 3.7 grams per liter. Across these five unique cosmetic matrices, the linear correlation coefficient (R²) demonstrated a value greater than 0.99; the method's limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.009 g/g, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.003 g/g. To assess recovery, the test was conducted at three spiked levels, specifically 1, 2, and 10 times the limit of quantification (LOQ).