A pronounced 15 Hz response was observed in the medial occipital, right and left occipitotemporal, and centro-frontal regions, attributable to increased expressive intensity. Expression recognition activities in these three regions resulted in a more substantial response, especially when the intensity of the expression was unclear or weak. Engagement in the explicit recognition of facial expression, as indicated by time-domain analysis, produced a modulation of the response in centro-frontal areas *prior* to the onset of the displayed expression. Nintedanib mw The medial occipital area, along with the right and left occipitotemporal areas, underwent subsequent amplification of the response. The procedure developed in this current study successfully documented the distinct stages of voluntary facial expression recognition, from detection to identification. This was achieved through top-down, task-relevant mechanisms that impacted the processing and flow of incoming sensory information. The American Psychological Association, holding copyright for the year 2023, reserves all rights to the PsycInfo Database Record.

Disconnection and the experience of rejection, predictably, amplify the acute nature of pain. However, the ramifications of enduring sentiments of closeness, or social relatedness, on the sensory experience of chronic pain are not widely recognized. This secondary analysis investigated whether greater social connectedness is a predictor of lower chronic pain levels, mediated through lower depression and anxiety. Beside the social-affective responses to heightened pressure, and our prior finding regarding the pain-reducing effect of deeper weighted blanket pressure, we scrutinized whether stronger pressure from a weighted blanket would create a more significant reduction in chronic pain among individuals experiencing social isolation. Baseline measures of social connection, anxiety, and depression, and pre- and post- intervention pain levels were collected during a remote, 7-day randomized controlled trial of heavy or light (control) weighted blankets. The trial involved 95 chronic pain patients, predominantly White (86%) and female (80%). Findings indicated a correlation between reduced social connections and elevated chronic pain scores, with anxiety as the mediating factor, and depression not implicated. Social connectedness and pain reduction responses were affected by pressure levels (light versus deep), whereby individuals with fewer social connections experienced pain relief only with deeper pressure application. Chronic pain, our research reveals, is closely associated with social connectedness, the mechanism being the experience of anxiety. Our findings additionally demonstrate the potential of sensory-affective interventions, including a weighted blanket, as beneficial tools for chronic pain sufferers often experiencing social disconnection, potentially by activating embodied awareness of safety and social support. Exclusive rights to the PsycINFO database record, issued by APA in 2023, are completely reserved.

The university-industry ecosystem's technology transfer processes benefit from the implementation of dynamic capabilities for their improvement and innovation. This study probes the micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities, focusing on their application within university technology transfer. An in-depth study examines dynamic organizational capabilities at the level of the university to translate academic knowledge into practical applications for business and society. Two qualitative case studies were undertaken at organizational entities within Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, focusing on the Industry Alliance Office and the Demonstrator Lab. These two organizations are catalysts for science- and business-driven university technology transfer. neuroimaging biomarkers The micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities, encompassing the processes of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring, are identified and expounded upon in this context. The university's sensing of opportunities within the ecosystem is driven by micro-foundations that prioritize the selection of internal capabilities and the identification of external partnerships. The program For seizing, which supports universities in their alignment with industry and society, finds its micro-foundations in the coordinated use of resources and collaborative business models. Strategic renewal, the construction of a supportive environment for university technology transfer, and asset orchestration are the micro-foundational drivers for universities' evolutionary success in the innovation ecosystem. Researchers now have a clearer grasp of how dynamic capabilities empower university technology transfer, thanks to the findings of this study. Universities, industrial practitioners, and policymakers can benefit by considering the insights of this study when forming collaborative partnerships.

In the United States, Arabic speakers and Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) individuals experience a shortage of guidance material for standard neuropsychological assessments. Biopsie liquide The study explored the measurement and structural invariance of a neuropsychological battery, comparing results across racial/ethnic backgrounds (Middle Eastern/North African, Black, White) and linguistic proficiency (Arabic, English).
Via telephone, 606 older adults of the Detroit Area Wellness Network were examined, including a subset of 128 MENA-English speakers, 74 MENA-Arabic speakers, 207 Black participants, and 197 White participants. Four indicators reflecting distinct cognitive domains—episodic memory (CERAD Word List), language (Animal Fluency), attention (MoCA forward digit span), and working memory (MoCA backward digit span)—underwent multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis.
Scalar invariance analyses revealed complete equivalence across language groups, but only partial equivalence across racial/ethnic groups, potentially indicating a White test-taker advantage on the Animal Fluency measure. However, this lack of complete invariance did not surpass the pre-set thresholds for substantial impact. Invariance analyses of the structure, controlling for measurement inconsistencies, revealed MENA participants evaluated in English had lower cognitive health than White and Black participants. Furthermore, MENA participants assessed in Arabic demonstrated lower cognitive health compared to all other groups.
The rigorously translated neuropsychological battery, exhibiting measurement invariance, ensures comparable assessments of global cognitive health across the MENA, Black, White, and Arabic/English groups. Unveiled through structural invariance, significant cognitive disparities are revealed. Research on cognitive health equity will benefit from a specific investigation into the experiences of MENA older adults, separate from those of other non-Latinx Whites. A critical component of future research is acknowledging the heterogeneity within the MENA population, since the language selection (Arabic versus English) used in testing could reflect the influence of immigrant history, educational trajectory, and socio-economic status on cognitive aging. The APA holds the copyright for this PsycInfo Database Record from 2023, and all rights are reserved.
By demonstrating measurement invariance, a rigorously translated neuropsychological battery ensures a consistent assessment of global cognitive health among participants from diverse backgrounds, such as MENA, Black, White, Arabic, and English speakers. Previously unrecognized cognitive disparities manifest in the results of structural invariance analysis. Analyzing the cognitive health of MENA older adults, distinct from non-Latinx White demographics, will enhance research efforts aimed at achieving cognitive health equity. Subsequent research should examine the varied experiences within the MENA community, as the linguistic selection (Arabic or English) for assessments might reflect differences in immigrant background, educational attainment, and socioeconomic factors that relate to cognitive aging. All rights pertaining to this 2023 PsycINFO database record are reserved by the American Psychological Association.

Phonological working memory deficits frequently observed in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have drawn substantial research attention, particularly due to the consistent identification of moderate-to-large group differences (ADHD versus control), and their significant correlation with a wide range of secondary impairments. However, the methodologies employed in previous studies are insufficient to uncover the potential underlying mechanistic processes. This study sought to analyze converging and diverging patterns of omission, intrusion, and transposition errors, to pinpoint parse-specific mechanistic processes, ultimately responsible for ADHD-related phonological working memory deficits.
A study involved 54 children with ADHD (45 males, 9 females) and 65 typically developing (TD) children (50 males, 15 females), all of which were aged 8–12 years.
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The completion of 152 years marked the moment a participant engaged with a computer-based phonological working memory task, listening to randomly presented jumbled numbers alongside a single letter. Children were tasked with orally communicating numbers in increasing numerical value, subsequently followed by the associated letter. Errors made by children in their responses were classified as omissions, intrusions, or transpositions.
Comparative analysis of total omission and transposition errors revealed a substantial difference in magnitude between groups, and a smaller, but still significant, between-group distinction was observed in the case of intrusion errors. A study of specific error types corroborated the presence of ADHD-linked deficiencies in the restructuring and updating of central executive processes.
These findings, taken together, offer a more refined comprehension of the underlying mechanisms driving working memory impairments in ADHD, potentially leading to new working memory assessment tools and interventions tailored to ADHD. All rights to the PsycINFO database record of 2023 are reserved by the American Psychological Association.
The cumulative impact of these findings sharpens our understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for working memory deficiencies in ADHD, opening up possibilities for creating new working memory-based metrics and therapies for ADHD.