HepG2 cells were treated with three different concentrations of BBP (0, 10, or 25 M) for 24 or 48 h. Following incubation, the cells were subjected to proteomic analysis using two different pI ranges (4-7 and 6-9) and large-size two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Results showed resolution of a total of 2776 protein spots. Of these, 29, including 19 upregulated and 10 downregulated proteins, were identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Among these, the identities of cystatin C, Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor, gelsolin, DEK protein, Raf kinase inhibitory

protein, triose phosphate isomerase, heptaglobin-related protein, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, and electron transfer flavoprotein subunit Forskolin mouse beta were confirmed by Western blot analysis. These proteins were found to be involved in apoptosis, signaling, Selumetinib purchase tumor progression, energy metabolism, and

cell structure and motility. Therefore, these proteins have potential to be employed as biomarkers of BBP exposure and may be useful in understanding mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of BBP.”
“BACKGROUND

Few data are available on the long-term outcome of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm as compared with open repair.

METHODS

From 1999 through 2004 at 37 hospitals in the United Kingdom, we randomly assigned 1252 patients with large abdominal aortic aneurysms (>= 5.5 cm in diameter) to undergo either endovascular or open repair; 626 patients were assigned to each group. Patients were

followed for rates of death, graft-related complications, reinterventions, and resource use until the end of 2009. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to compare outcomes in the two groups.

RESULTS

The 30-day operative mortality was 1.8% in the endovascular-repair selleck screening library group and 4.3% in the open-repair group (adjusted odds ratio for endovascular repair as compared with open repair, 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.87; P=0.02). The endovascular-repair group had an early benefit with respect to aneurysm-related mortality, but the benefit was lost by the end of the study, at least partially because of fatal endo-graft ruptures (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.49; P=0.73). By the end of follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of death from any cause (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.23; P=0.72). The rates of graft-related complications and reinterventions were higher with endovascular repair, and new complications occurred up to 8 years after randomization, contributing to higher overall costs.

CONCLUSIONS

In this large, randomized trial, endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm was associated with a significantly lower operative mortality than open surgical repair.