From this several questions can be inferred: (1) How large is the inter- and intrafind more specific variability of the BSC communities between different sites? (2) To what extent is adaptation/acclimation responsible for the wide distribution range of the characteristic 4EGI-1 supplier species? (3) How can these communities be protected? The aim of our international research project, the details of which are presented here, is to provide a much improved understanding of BSC functionality from the desert, to the alpine ecosystems. Functional studies are backed by detailed biodiversity assessments that aim to reveal the key organisms that influence BSC functioning over this

wide latitudinal, altitudinal and climatic range. Information transfer to stakeholders is achieved through a series of consultations and reports including highly visual material supporting their work. We intend to achieve PI3K Inhibitor Library datasheet all of this using a structure with different work packages (WP) performing the research and data gathering, which are coordinated by the scientific oversight committee with members of each WP plus an external expert scientist of the research field (supplementary material Fig. 1).

In the different WPs we encompass the specific habitat properties of all sites such as the meso- and microclimate, soil properties, water availability, and human impact. As variables, we determine BSC coverage, the BSC-type diversity, the BSC species composition and diversity,

as well as activity and biomass of the BSCs. In WP 1 we aim to close the biodiversity gap for European BSCs investigating non-photosynthetic bacteria with molecular techniques, cyanobacteria, lichens and fungi in a polyphasic approach (molecular and classical), and bryophytes by classical morphology based techniques. In WP 2 the annual net carbon gain of typical BSCs at the four investigation sites will be obtained from a model linking three sets of measurements: chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring of activity, continuous CO2-gas exchange measurements of BSCs in the field, and CO2-gas exchange response curves of typical BSCs under Methisazone controlled conditions. Assessing soil properties, structure and soil hydrology as influenced by the presence of BSCs is the aim of WP 3. To achieve this, at each site, soil types are described and soil samples are taken from different strata, including crust layer and underlying soil. Within WP 4 we are quantifying community structures, BSC coverage and biomass and the ability to recover from vegetation removal. In WP 5 the degree of adaptation, acclimation and uniqueness of the key BSC species is assessed by measuring their genetic and morphological diversity and their eco-physiological properties.