Elucidating the relationship between amino acid substitutions and metabolic alteration is an important step in understanding the mechanism of HCV interferon resistance. “
“Steatosis is a common histological feature of chronic liver disease, especially alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as chronic hepatitis C. A recent study showed that evaluating the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) with transient elastography was an efficient way of non-invasively determining the severity of hepatic steatosis. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the utility of CAP for diagnosing steatosis in patients with chronic liver disease. One hundred and fifty-five consecutive patients

with suspected chronic liver disease underwent steatosis diagnosis using CAP, blood sample analyses, computed tomography for assessing the liver/spleen Doxorubicin ratio and liver biopsy. Steatosis was graded according to the percentage of fat-containing hepatocytes: S0, less than 5%; S1, 5–33%; S2, 34–66%; and S3: more than 66%. The CAP was significantly correlated with steatosis grade, and there were significant Smoothened inhibitor differences between the CAP value of the S0 patients and those of the patients with other grades of steatosis. S0 and S1–3 hepatic steatosis were considered to represent mild and significant steatosis, respectively.

The CAP values of the patients with mild and significant steatosis were significantly different (P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver–operator curve (AUROC) value of the CAP for diagnosing significant steatosis was 0.878 (95% confidence interval, 0.818–0.939), and the optimal CAP cut-off value for detecting significant steatosis was 232.5 db/m. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) In multivariate analysis, the CAP (P = 0.0002) and the liver to spleen ratio (P = 0.004) were found to be significantly associated with significant steatosis. The CAP is a promising tool for rapidly and non-invasively diagnosing steatosis. “
“The consensus meeting for the diagnosis, management and treatment for hepatitis C was held in 45th annual meeting for the Japan Society of Hepatology

(JSH) in June 2009 where the recommendations and informative statements were discussed including organizers and presenters. The Several important informative statements and recommendations have been shown. This was the fourth JSH consensus meeting of hepatitis C, however, the recommendations have not been published in English previously. Thus, this is the first report of JSH consensus of hepatitis C. The rate of development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCV-infected patients in Japan is higher than in the USA, because the average age of the HCV-infected patients is greater and there are more patients with severe fibrosis of the liver than in the USA. In Japan, more than 60% of HCV-infected patients are genotype 1b infection, and they show lower response to perinterferon and ribavirin combination treatment.