E. coli DH5α was purchased from Invitrogen selleck chemical (Carlsbad, CA, USA). S. flexneri and E. coli were grown at 37°C in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium (Oxoid, Wesel, Germany). All bacterial strains were grown on Salmonella–Shigella (SS) agar (Oxoid) before being transferred to an LB agar plate. Strains were then incubated overnight at 37°C, then stored at −20°C in LB broth containing 15% glycerol. Screening of clinical specimens by mPCR The ipaH, ial, and set1B genes were detected by mPCR with primers designed according to the sequences of these genes in SF301 (Table 1) [3, 5, 7]. Clinical S. flexneri isolates (n = 86) were tested using mPCR. The mPCR mixture (20 μL) consisted of 1.8× PCR buffer
(3 mM MgCl2, 130 μM dNTP; Invitrogen), 0.5 μM ial primer, 0.3 μM ipaH primer, 0.3 μM set1B primer, 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen), and 10 μL of bacterial lysate. Thermal cycling Poziotinib price conditions involved an initial denaturation step at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 min, 56°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 2 min, and a final extension step at 72°C for 7 min after the 30th cycle. Table 1
Sequences of oligonucleotide primers used in this study Target gene Gene position on SF301 genome or virulent plasmid pCP301 Primer* Primer sequence (5′→3′) Length (bp) Primers for detection of virulence-associated AZD3965 order genes of S. flexneri by mPCR ipaH 1422225–1422835 ** ipaH-F CCTTGACCGCCTTTCCGATA 611 ipaH-R CAGCCACCCTCTGAGAGTACT ial 133550–133869*** ial-F CTGGATGGTATGGTGAGG 320 ial-R CCAGGCCAACAATTATTTCC set1B 3069523–3069669** set1B-F GTGAACCTGCTGCCGATATC 147 set1B-R ATTTGTGGATAAAAATGACG Primers MRIP for amplifying int , orf30 , sigA and pic on PAI-1 of S. flexneri 2a int 3052736–3053998** int-F ATGGCACTGACTGACGCAAA 400 int-R TGCCGATAAAGGGGAAAACG orf30 3096187–3097975** orf30-F CTTATCACTGAGCGTCTGGT 1,102 orf30-R GTGAAATTCCTGCCTCAATA sigA 3060437–3064294** sigA-F AGTCATATTACAGGTGGATTAG 1,866 sigA-R TATACTCAGGGTTGCGTTTT pic 3067737–3070949**
pic-F AGAACATATACCGGAAATTC 1,219 pic-R ACCCTGACGGTGAATAAACT Primers for homologous recombination to construct pic knockout strain upstream of pic 3067236–3067745** uppic-F-NotI AAGCGGCCGCCATAGCAGACTGGCCGGTCAACC 520 uppic-R-XbaI CCTCTAGAATGTTCTGATGTGGGGGTAAAGGGC downstream of pic 3071850–3072358 ** downpic-F-XbaI CCTCTAGAATTCACTATGGATTCTCCATGAT 517 downpic-R-BamHI AAGGATCCCGTCGTCCGTCTGGCACC upstreamof pic 3066436–3072733** Upuppic-F GCTGAACTGC TGGAGCCGCT 1176 downstream of pic Downdown Pic-R CAGCGGCGAAATACTGTACC pic coding frame work 3067737–3070949** pic-pSC-F-PfMlI AAACCATCGAATGGATGCAGGACGATTTCGATGCCCCCGTAGAC 3,213 pic-pSC-R-AclI TTTAACGTTTCAGAACATATACCGGAAATTCGCGTT *F, forward primer; R, reverse primer. **SF301 GenBank Accession No. AE005674. ***SF301 large virulent plasmid pCP301 GenBank Accession No. AF386526. Underlined sequences represent restriction endonuclease sites.