Blood pressure (BP) was measured using a sphygmomanometer and ausculatory method at 15 min and 30 min post ingestion, and then for every 30 min until data collection concluded. Questionnaires The profile of mood states (POMS) was administered seven times during each testing session. The initial POMS administration

GSK2126458 research buy was given as the subject reported to the Human Performance Laboratory, and every half hour for the three hour period following supplement ingestion. All questionnaires were performed under controlled conditions (a quiet room alone with the investigator) and the same researcher performed all test administrations. The POMS consists of 65 words or phrases in a Likert format questionnaire which provides Selumetinib price measures of specific mood states. It provides measures of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue and confusion. A total mood score is computed by subtracting vigor from the sum of the five other negative CP673451 supplier measures and adding 100 to avoid a negative result. McNair et al., [20] has reported internal consistency of measures ranging between 0.85 to 0.95 and test-retest reliability estimates ranging between 0.65 to 0.74. These lower coefficients of stability are thought to be indicative of transient and fluctuating characteristics of mood states. During all test administrations participants were asked to describe their feelings upon how they were feeling at that moment. Supplement

On each visit subjects ingested either 3 capsules of Meltdown® (SUP) or a placebo (PL). Meltdown® contains the following: 317 mg of a proprietary blend of caffeine anhydrous, α-methyl tetradecylthioacetic Bumetanide acid,

yerba mate extract, and cAMP; 20 mg of methyl-synephrine HCl, 138 mg of a proprietary blend of β-methylphenylethylamine and methyl-β-phenylethylamine; 9 mg of a proprietary blend of 11-hydroxy yohimbine, yohimbine HCl, and α-yohimbine; 20 mg of methyl-hordenine HCl. The placebo was similar in appearance and texture to Meltdown®, but contained only an inert substance. Statistical analyses Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished using a repeated measures analysis of variance. In the event of a significant F-ratio, LSD post-hoc tests were used for pairwise comparisons. RQ, HR, BP and POMS were averaged over each hour and for the entire 3-hour study period. Comparisons of the average 3-hour measures were analyzed using dependent T-tests. A criterion alpha level of p ≤ 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. All data are reported as mean ± SD. Results A significant difference (p = 0.01) in average energy expenditure was seen between SUP (1.28 ± 0.33 kcal·min-1) and P (1.00 ± 0.32 kcal·min-1) during the entire 3-hr period (see Figure 1). Significant differences in the average energy expenditure between the groups were also seen at each hour of the protocol (see Table 1). Figure 1 Average 3-Hour Energy Expenditure. * = Supplement significantly (p < 0.