Although long-term prognosis of the patients with VAP is generally known to be better than traditional angina pectoris or acute coronary syndromes caused by significant atherosclerotic coronary stenosis, the occurrence of cardiac death or myocardial infarction or disabling intractable spasm is not uncommon.17) Vasodilating agents including calcium channel blocker or nitrate has been a mainstay of treatment in patients with VAP to relieve of symptoms caused by coronary

vasospasm. Because endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of VAP,2),3) the drugs which improve endothelial Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical dysfunction would be a reasonable therapeutic option in VAP. The previous studied have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers can improve endothelial function in patients with coronary artery Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical disease.18-20) It has also been proved that the use of statin is associated with the improvement of endothelial

function in various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.14),21-24) The study of Yun et al.,16) ARQ197 structure furthermore, demonstrated that 10 mg of rosuvastatin could improve endothelial function as assessed by FMD and endothelial progenitor cell counts Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in patients with VAP. The result of the present study was similar to the study of Yun et al.16) except for the type of the used statin. Both atorvastatin 10 mg and 40 mg could improve FMD after 6 months of

therapy in the present study. The authors also want Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to investigate whether high dose statin therapy would have kinase inhibitor Brefeldin A additive effects on endothelial function as compared with low dose, but in vain. Although the absolute value of FMD improvement of higher in high dose group than in low dose group, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical but it did not reach statistical significance. The reason why atorvastatin 40 mg did not show additive benefits on endothelial function as compared with low dose is unclear. One possible explanation is that 40 mg of atorvastatin is not sufficient to get additive beneficial effects on endothelial function, and thus further study using higher dose of atorvastatin such as 80 mg will be needed. The small number of the study population might also affect the result of statistical analysis, and thus further study with sufficient GSK-3 study population will be needed to elucidate this issue. Carotid IMT and the presence of carotid plaque are well known surrogate markers of the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or future cardiovascular events. The previous studies have demonstrated that conventional statin therapy can retard the progression of carotid atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid IMT, and aggressive lipid lowering by high dose statin therapy can reverse the progression of carotid IMT.