Acknowledgements This work was supported by Grants No 09320503600

Acknowledgements This work was supported by Grants No.09320503600 and No.10PJ1404900 from Shanghai Municipal Science

and Technology Commission, and Grants No.B-9500-10-0004 from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No.QXJK201207 from Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, and No.31271830 from National Natural Science Foundation of China. References 1. Wozniak RA, Waldor MK: Integrative and conjugative elements: mosaic mobile genetic elements enabling dynamic lateral gene flow. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010, 8:552–563.PubMedCrossRef 2. Gogarten JP, Townsend JP: Horizontal gene transfer, genome innovation and evolution. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005, 3:679–687.PubMedCrossRef 3. Nakayama K, Yamashita A, Kurokawa K, Morimoto T, Ogawa M, Fukuhara M, Urakami H: The whole-genome sequencing of the obligate intracellular bacterium orientia tsutsugamushi revealed massive gene amplification during P505-15 reductive genome evolution. DNA Res 2008, 15:185–199.PubMedCrossRef 4. Burrus V, Waldor MK: Shaping bacterial genomes with integrative and conjugative elements. Res Microbiol 2004, 155:376–386.PubMedCrossRef 5. Scott JR, Churchward GG: Conjugative transposition. Annu Rev Microbiol 1995, 49:367–397.PubMedCrossRef 6. Whittle Quisinostat mw G, GS-1101 in vivo Shoemaker NB, Salyers AA: The role of Bacteroides conjugative transposons in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002, 59:2044–2054.PubMedCrossRef 7. Burrus V, Marrero J, Waldor

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