A66 1166227-08-2 Data involving more than two groups

e assessed using unpaired two-tailed A66 1166227-08-2 t tests. Data involving more than two groups were assessed by analysis of variance. Statistical significance is displayed as P 0.05 or P 0.01 in figures. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank R. Hoshino, F. Takahashi, Y. Kanto, and Y. Kishida for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant for the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan , a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan , a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan , a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare , Health Science Research grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare , and a grant from Takeda Science Foundation.
1. Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature 444:840�?46.2. Yach D, Stuckler D, Brownell KD Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Nat Med 12:62�?6.3. Weisberg SP, et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 112:1796�?808.4. AC-220 950769-58-1 Xu H, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 112:1821�?830.5. Kamei N, et al. Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in adipose tissues causes macrophage recruitment and insulin resistance.
J Biol Chem 281:26602�?6614.6. Kanda H, et al. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest 116:1494�?505.7. Zeyda M, et al. Human adipose tissue macrophages are of an antiinflammatory phenotype but capable of excessive pro-inflammatory mediator production. Int J Obes 31:1420�?428.8. Chavey C, et al. CXC ligand 5 is an adipose-tissue derived factor that links obesity to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 9:339�?49.9. Oak JS, Matheu MP, Parker I, Cahalan MD, Fruman DA Lymphocyte cell motility: The twisting, turning tale of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Biochem Soc Trans 35:1109�?113.10. Hirsch E, et al. Central role for G protein-coupled phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma in inflammation.
Science 287:1049�?053.11. Sasaki T, et al. Function of PI3Kgamma in thymocyte development, T cell activation, and neutrophil migration. Science 287:1040�?046.12. Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest 117:175�?84.13. Lumeng CN, DelProposto JB, Westcott DJ, Saltiel AR Phenotypic switching of adipose tissue macrophages with obesity is generated by spatiotemporal differences in macrophage subtypes. Diabetes 57:3239�?246.14. Gordon S Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 3:23�?5.15. Nishimura S, et al. CD8+ effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Nat Med 15:914�?20.16.
Després JP, Lemieux I Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 444: 881�?87.17. Perlemuter G, Bigorgne A, Cassard-Doulcier AM, Naveau S Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From pathogenesis to patient care. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3: 458�?69.18. Tontonoz P, Spiegelman BM Fat and beyond: The diverse biology of PPARgamma. Annu Rev Biochem 77:289�?12.19. Bouhlel MA, et al. PPARgamma activation primes human monocytes into alternative M2 macrophages with anti-infla

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

*

You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <strike> <strong>