A possible clue about the

specific role of the HC comes from the recent study of Mullally et al. Fluorouracil chemical structure (2012). Patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia were shown a scene and were able to describe it in great detail. When asked to imagine taking a step back from the current position and describe what might then come into view, the patients’ performance was comparable to the control participants. They were able to anticipate with accuracy what would be beyond the view, list contextually relevant items in the extended scene, and could associate them with one another and with the context. However, in stark contrast to controls, the patients omitted spatial references almost entirely from their descriptions of what

was likely to be beyond the view, a difference that was not apparent for the other scene elements. Moreover, they rated the extended scene as lacking spatial coherence. This is also true of attempts to imagine fictitious or future scenes in general, where amnesic patients’ constructions were spatially fragmented (Hassabis et al., 2007; Mullally et al., 2012). Thus, one proposal is that the HC implements the spatial framework of scenes when they are not physically in view (Hassabis and Maguire, 2007, 2009). The posterior location of the hippocampal activations observed here in relation to the BE effect fit with a possible spatial role, as this region has been implicated in spatial navigation and memory in a range buy Duvelisib of contexts (e.g., Moser and Moser, 1998; Maguire et al., 2000; see also Poppenk and Moscovitch, 2011). Morin Hydrate Clearly more work is required to explore the link between scenes, space and the HC further, along with other accounts of its role in scene processing (Graham et al., 2010; Bird et al., 2012). Overall, however, what the scene construction and BE work highlights, and this is particularly

evident in our current fMRI findings, is that the internal, automatic construction of scenes may be a central operation of the HC. Using fMRI we were able to establish the brain areas supporting the highly adaptive BE effect, and in so doing to provide further evidence for the role of the HC in constructing unseen scenes. Another key advantage of fMRI that we exploited here is the ability to appreciate the distributed set of brain areas engaged by a task and, crucially, how these areas interact. As noted above, we found that two high-level scene-related areas, the PHC and RSC, both showed activity profiles that mapped onto subjective perception. This result suggests that these regions do not simply contain veridical representations of the physically presented scenes, but are actively updated to include information about extrapolated scenes beyond the boundaries of the physical scenes.