Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the effects of Cr supplementation and intense resistance training on muscle strength and GSK2118436 molecular weight oxidative stress of athletes. Methods Subjects Twenty-six male handball athletes (17.10 ± 1.63 years; ranging from 15 to 19 years old) from Sorocaba, SP, Brazil participated in this experiment. Exclusion criteria were: i) no previous experience in resistance training, ii) current use of any nutritional supplement, iii) current or previous intake of anabolic androgenic steroids, iv) current or previous intake of Cr and maltodextrin for supplemental purposes,

and v) pre-existing abnormalities revealed in laboratory tests or medical exam at the beginning of experimental analysis. All experimental procedures were

performed ACP-196 mouse in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and the guidelines established by the Brazilian National Committee of Research on Human Subjects. The Catholic University Human Subjects Ethics Committee approved all experimental procedures. All subjects provided written consent prior to participating in this study according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health/National Health Foundation. Experimental procedures A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with subjects divided into 3 groups: GC (N = 9) Cr monohydrate supplemented, GP (N = 9), a placebo group that consumed maltodextrin [16], and COT (N = 8), a group of athletes who did not receive Cr or placebo. All individuals (GC, GP, and COT) underwent a 32-day resistance selleck kinase inhibitor training program that began and finished concomitantly with Cr and Placebo supplementation. One day prior to Cr/Placebo supplementation and resistance training, and one day

following completion of Cr/Placebo supplementation and resistance training, a blood sample from the cubital vein was drawn for verification of oxidative stress parameters, body composition was assessed, and muscle strength and endurance tests were applied to all athletes. All athletes were examined by a sports medicine doctor before, during, and after completion of study. No abnormalities were found in subjects’ health condition at any time during the survey. The protocol used for clinical examination was carried out in accordance with the recommendations from the International Olympic Committee. Moreover, subjects were asked weekly about the occurrence of the following symptoms: increased thirst, fatigue, frequent headaches, frequent irritability, tinnitus, numbness in the head, neck, back, or limbs, shivering and chills, nausea, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, cramps, and dizziness. All athletes had frequent consultations with the team’s physician about the occurrence of muscle or joint injuries or other clinical conditions.