10 In majority cases of diesel induced pneumonitis, the diagnosis was made through bronchoscopic specimens.3 and 11 In hydrocarbon pneumonitis, brochoscopy is useful for obtaining specimens from the site of disease and to view the inflammatory changes. In our case, we could not obtain consent for bronchoscopy and relied on non-invasive diagnostic technique like induced sputum. To our knowledge, induced sputum as a diagnostic tool in diesel induced hydrocarbon pneumonitis has not been reported so far in English literature. Chest CT features Anti-diabetic Compound Library of hydrocarbon pneumonitis after diesel siphonage is rarely documented and most cases show bilateral necrotic air-space

consolidation predominantly involving the right middle lobe.4 HRCT of chest is the imaging technique of choice as it may show typical appearances of exogenous lipoid pneumonia like consolidation of low attenuation with

‘crazy paving’ pattern.12 In our patient, the HRCT of chest showed areas of ground glass appearance, bilateral patchy consolidation predominantly involving the lingula and right middle lobe without negative attenuation. Resolution of radiologic opacities following clinical recovery usually occurs between two weeks High Content Screening to 8 months.13 The short course of illness in our case could be due to the fact that only small volume of diesel could be aspirated during siphoning. We used antibiotic and corticosteroid drugs as recommended before14 even though their use in similar situation remains controversial. In conclusion, when spontaneous sputum or flexible bronchoscopy is not possible, induced sputum may be an effective early diagnostic tool

of hydrocarbon pneumonitis. All the authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare with regard to contents of the manuscript. “
“Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is one of the most important perennial herb plants grown and used in Asia. Its clinical value as a medicine has been recognized for over a thousand years [1] and [2]. The pharmacologically active compounds in ginseng are primarily located in the roots. Long cultivation periods PJ34 HCl (4–6 yr) maximize the concentrations of these root compounds. Therefore, in Korea, P. ginseng plants are generally cultivated for several years, usually in shady areas. However, successive cultivation in the same soil for a long period of time leads to a deterioration in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, frequently providing favorable conditions for infection by various soil-borne pathogens; this can potentially lead to severe reductions in yield. Chemical pesticides have been applied to control disease in P. ginseng plantations. However, the accumulation of deleterious pesticide residues in ginseng roots and in the surrounding soil has become a serious environmental concern. As a result, the organic production of ginseng is being increasingly favored.