Accordingly, zero-valent magnesium has a better potential for azo dye removal than iron.Therefore, in the present study, we focus on the preparation, characterization, and adsorption properties of bimetallized chitosan particles, as a www.selleckchem.com/products/Abiraterone.html novel adsorbent, for a model pollutant. An azo dye, orange II (OII), was chosen as the model pollutant because of its anionic character and its extensive use in the textile industry as well as in some limited medical diagnosis applications. This report presents the first application of bimetallic chitosan particle (BCP) for the removal of azo dyes from wastewater. The influences of the following basic variables were evaluated in the tests on the adsorption of OII, solution pH, BCP concentration, pollutant concentration, and reaction time.

Evaluations were also undertaken to elucidate the kinetic behavior of the considered BCP and the mechanism of OII adsorption onto BCP. For the latter, the applicability of BCP was investigated in the treatment of the OII-spiked river water (as a sample of the azo-rich wastewater) under optimized conditions.2. Materials and Methods2.1. MaterialsWith the exception of the dye, all the chemicals used in these experiments were of analytical grade and purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The OII dye was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). The dye content was 85%, and the solutions were prepared accordingly. The main properties of OII are presented in Table 1 [12, 13]. The produced chitosan was a meso- and macroporous material. The main properties of the BCP are shown in Table 2.

Double distilled water was used for preparing all the solutions.Table 1Main properties of OII used in this study.Table 2Main characteristics of BCP adsorbent used in this study.2.2. Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp WasteThe shrimp shell waste derived from Philocheras lowisi was directly collected from the Persian Gulf, Iran, in September 2012. The shrimps were placed on ice during their transfer to the laboratory, and the species Philocheras lowisi was selected for this study. In particular, 700 shrimps were deshelled for the extraction of the chitosan. First, the shells were cleaned, rinsed, and then submerged in 10wt.% NaOH for 2h with agitation to remove proteins (20% w/v), in 1.8mol/L of HCl for 12h to remove calcium minerals (25% w/v), and in 0.38wt.% NaClO for 0.5h with agitation to remove the pigments (25% w/v).

The product, chitin, was deacetylated in 50wt.% NaOH for 1h at 110��C (15% w/v). The deacetylation above 65% in experiments performed at a slightly lower temperature and shorter contact times was similar to the conditions reported by No and Meyers Drug_discovery (1995) [14] and Novikov (2004) [15]. The mixture was then washed with distilled water several times to remove the residual sodium hydroxide, until a pH of 7.5 was achieved.