Myofibrillar protein, total DNA content, and DNA/protein

For myofibrillar protein, both groups increased with training (p < 0.001) and the increases observed in NO were significantly greater Apoptosis antagonist than PL (p = 0.014) (Table 3). For DNA/protein, a strong trend was observed but there were no significant changes with training (p = 0.061) and no significant differences between groups (p = 0.14) (Table 3). Serum and whole blood clinical chemistry markers The whole blood and serum markers assessed remained within normal clinical ranges throughout the duration of the study. As a result, no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05) or main effects for Time (p > 0.05) were observed for any of the serum

(Table 4) and whole blood (Table 5) clinical chemistry markers. Table 4 Serum Clinical selleck Chemistry Markers for the Placebo and NO-Shotgun Groups at Days 0 and 29. Variable PL Day 0 PL Day 29 NO Day 0 NO Day 29 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 80.63 (37.68) 75.38 (21.67) 108.38 (63.21) 92.25 (46.02) Cholesterol (mg/dl) 152.25 (23.30) 158.23 (24.27) 179.38 (28.59) 176.63 (25.49) HDL (mg/dl) 48.13 (8.64) 52.75 (8.82) 53.0 (6.57) 51.88 (8.17) LDL (mg/dl) 89.38 (18.04) 91.13 (18.58) 106.38 (24.09) 106.5 (21.15) GTT (U/L) 25.5 (10.07) 25.5 (10.28) 38.0 (36.07) 38.75 (33.70) LDH (U/L) 109.13 (13.90) 126.0 (41.04) 106.75 (16.56) 112.63 (19.10) Uric Acid (mg/dL) 5.8 (1.12) 5.5 (1.01) 5.56 (1.02) 5.69 (0.61) Glucose (mg/dL) 88.38 (6.14) 89.25 (4.59) 90.88 (5.84) 89.13 (5.44) BUN (mg/dL) 11.88 (3.14) 11.13 (2.30) 14.0 (3.02) 13.13 (3.87) Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.9 (0.05) 1.04 (0.14) 1.03 (0.10) 1.04 (0.05) BUN/Creatinine

13.24 (3.61) 10.75 (1.78) 13.75 (2.97) 12.54 (3.31) Calcium (mg/dL) 8.91 (0.18) 9.03 (0.17) 9.14 (0.20) 9.01 (0.21) Total A-1210477 protein (g/dl) 7.31 (0.49) 7.46 (0.37) 7.66 (0.29) 7.59 ASK1 (0.30) Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.6 (0.24) 0.53 (0.20) 0.56 (0.36) 0.54 (0.27) ALP (U/L) 74.88 (25.49) 87.88 (32.30) 61.38 (19.09) 60.88 (18.43) AST (U/L) 25.88 (20.64) 18.75 (7.19) 15.88 (7.38) 20.25 (14.65) ALT (U/L) 32.25 (10.70) 29.5 (3.89) 25.88 (3.48) 31.0 (5.76) CK (U/L) 144.63 (124.81) 138.88 (81.06) 88.88 (47.08) 83.0 (38.15) Data are presented as means and standard deviations. No significant differences were observed with resistance training or between groups throughout the 28-day study for serum clinical chemistry variables (p > 0.05). Table 5 Whole Blood Clinical Chemistry Markers for the Placebo and NO-Shotgun Groups at Days 0 and 29.