6 ± 5.8 years, 180.5 ± 6.0 cm, 89.7 ± 7.1 kg, 16.5 ± 7.1 %BF) and 6 female (N = 6, 21.3 ± 3.8 years, 162.0
± 6.0 cm, 64.1 ± 7.4 kg, 28.8 ± 7.6 %BF) moderate caffeine users (< 200 mg/day) reported to the lab on a 12 hour fast and had a baseline heart rate (HR), blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and ECG variables (RR interval, PR interval, QRS duration, and QT interval) were assessed. Subjects consumed either a 2 capsule serving of Dyma-Burn Xtreme (DBX) or placebo (PLC) and had HR, SBP/DBP assessed at the end of each hour; and assessed ECG variables in a TGF-beta activation supine position at 1 hour (1HR), 2 hour (2HR), 3 hour (3HR), and 4 hour (4HR) post consumption. All data was analyzed utilizing a 2×5 ANOVA and one-way ANOVAs were used in the case of a significant interaction. A significance value of 0.05 was adopted throughout. Results No significant (p < 0.05) time or group x time interaction effects were observed for SBP, DBP, and HR. SBP delta responses
(DBX vs. PLC) from baseline are as followed: 1HR (12.4 ± 11.8 vs. 1.75 ± 10.4 mmHg), 2HR (10.0 ± 14.0 vs. 0.0 ± 7.9 mmHg), 3HR (13.5 ± 22.4 vs. -2.5 ± 8.1 mmHg), and 4HR (8.3 ± 10.5 vs. 1.5 ± 10.6 mmHg). Delta responses from baseline for DBP are as followed (DBX vs. PLC): 1HR (4.8 ± 7.4 vs. 0.6 ± 7.9 mmHg), 2HR (-0.25 ± 13.2 vs. -1.0 ± 7.2 Captisol order mmHg), 3HR (6.7 ± 20.9 vs. -4.5 ± 10.1 mmHg), and 4HR (1.25 ± 6.8 vs. 1.1 ± 11.0 mmHg). The observed delta responses for HR are as followed (DBX vs. PLC): Sodium butyrate 1HR (-3.0 ± 6.2 vs. -2.5 ± 5.5 bpm), 2HR (-2.9 ± 6.5 vs. -1.0 ± 10.0 bpm), 3HR (-2.3 ± 5.6 vs. -0.5 ± 8.7 bpm), and 4HR (-1.4 ± 6.8 vs. -0.3 ± 7.4 bpm). No significant (p < 0.05) group or time differences were observed for ECG intervals (RR, PR, and QT) and QRS duration. Additionally, no observed changes in ECG rate and rhythm
abnormalities (i.e., PVCs, arrhythmias, etc.) were seen across any time points. Conclusion Acute ingestion of DBX had no significant effects on hemodynamic function and various ECG intervals over the four-hour observation period in daily caffeine users. The stimulatory effects that traditionally occur following caffeine ingestion was not observed, which could be explained by a decreased sensitivity to caffeine from regular consumption. Acknowledgements This study was funded by Dymatize Nutrition.”
“Background Previous research in trained individuals supplemented with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cobimetinib-gdc-0973-rg7420.html constrained to short (<10 weeks), non-periodized studies, lacking dietary control, that were subject to poor outcome measures (e.g. skin caliper measurements). These conditions make it difficult to determine HMB’s effects in athletes. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of HMB free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation in trained individuals on direct skeletal muscle hypertrophy (ultrasound muscle thickness), strength, and power during periodized resistance training.